01 Bacteria

Cell Wall

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  • Gm +: thicker peptidoglycan cell wall, take up stain
  • Gm -: outer membrane unique

Peptidoglycan

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Unique Cell Wall

Cell Membrane

ECT and oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria happens here. Contains enzymes and carrier molecules.

Gm positive membrane

Gm negative membrane

  • Periplasm also contains peptidoglycan

  • Pts very very sick with gram negative bacteria

LPS

  • on outer membrane of gm -

  • Lipid A makes patients sick

Capsules

  • SHiNE SKiS

Quellung reaction

Immune reaction against capsules

  • Capsules resistance to phagocytosis
  • opsonin marks for phagocytes

  • also sickle cell anemia: functional asplenia

Glycocalyx

Pili and fimbria

  • Neisseria: recurrent infections

Flagellum

Plasmids

Ribosomes

Spores

  • like seeds

Spore forming bacteria

Shapes

  • vibrio: curved

Pleomorphic and obligate intracellular:

Cocci

Rods

Stains

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  • gram +: purple (Positive for Purple)
  • gram -: red

  • Iodine: all cells become purple
  • Decolorization: only gram + retain color

  • mycobacteria: acid fasting..

Giemsa

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Ziehl-Neelsen

Aka acid fasting.

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Silver stain

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India Ink

  • used for fungi in yeast form

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  • actinomyces: long branching, jaw abscess