01 Knee

  • patella: in front of knee. Knee cap
  • menisci: cushings

Bones

  • where femur meets knee joint: 2 condyles

  • tibia also has condyles
  • tibial tuberosity: ligament attach to patella inserts here

Ligaments

ACL

  • pull tibia forward in lower leg restricted

PCL

  • find patellar first
  • top bone: femur
  • bottom bone: tibia
  • left pic: black line attaching to anterior tibia (anterior cruciating)
  • right pic: black line attach to posterior tibia (posterior cruciating)

Collateral

  • valgus: distal bone in joint moves away from midline. V for upside down V

MCL

LCL

  • does not attach to tibia but fibula

Menisci

  • MRI: triangular black triangles on either side of knee

Injury

ACL

  • NFL football

  • ACL resists forward movement

PCL

  • car crash, knee into dashboard, push lower leg backward
  • increased backward movement of the tibia against a fixed femur

MCL

  • push knee medially or pull laterally
  • tackle in football or just twisted
  • test: passively move leg into valgus position: medial space widens

Unhappy Triad

  • foot planted, someone wacks from side, pushes knee medially

LCL

  • difficult to injure, need force on inside of knee
  • massive trauma that damages everything

Meniscus

  • A meniscus injury typically shows a small joint effusion and crepitus, locking, or catching with range of motion.

Others

  • joints often surrounded by bursa
  • slippery cushings

  • any injury would cause cyst from communication of synovium and bursa
  • degenerative osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis

  • white