05 Glycolysis

  • red arrows: nonreversible

Hexokinase/Glucokinase

  • G6P traps glucose inside cell
  • once high levels of G6P, stop: doesn't hoard glucose

  • anytime glucose level high, it is taken up and converted to G6P
  • only time G6P inactive is low glucose and high F6P = fasting and gluconeogenesis

  • from cytosol to nucleus = inactive
  • G6P will always be active in high glucose state, regardless of F6P

Glucokinase Deficiency

  • won't release insulin and won't take up glucose

PFK 1

  • committed step
  • all the way to pyruvate

  • F26BP: way insulin controls glycolysis

F26BP

  • glucagon leads to phosphorylation of PFK2/PBPase2

  • insulin dephosphorylates PFK2, activating it
  • insulin dephosphorylates F26BP, inactivating it

Splitting

Energy Stage

  • alanine byproduct of degradation of protein
  • liver sees alanine, inhibit pyruvate kinase and glycolysis to not use glucose

  • regenerates NAD+ after use of 1st step to keep conducting glycolysis