10 Pyruvate Dehydrogenase

  • pyruvate dehydrogenase to acetyl coa to TCA
  • lactate: RBC without mitochondria and muscles. Muscles release lactate to blood to go back to liver
  • alanine: alanine carry nitrogen to liver, extract nitrogen to urea
  • must enter mitochondria for gluconeogenesis and acetyl coa

  • 1st step for gluconeogenesis in mito
  • outer: just a pore

  • once inside mito
  • high ATP, slow TCA, high Acetylcoa and activates pyruvate carboxylase, preferential shunt towards gluconeogenesis
  • acetyl coa also inactivates pyruvate dehydrogenase

  • E1 adds thiamine PP to pyruvate and release CO2
  • E3 keeps lipoic acid in proper form

Thiamine

  • TPP active form, 2 phosphates from ATP

  • thiamine deficient, cannot convert pyruvate to acetyl-coa, no ATP

FAD

  • used in oxidative phosphorylation

NAD

  • first 4 all used in pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes

Lipoic

  • Ca activator in skeletal muscles when exercising

  • whenever pyruvate not metabolized, build up in mito and shunted towards lactate

  • fat converted to acetyl coa without going through pyruvate