SEEK Questionnaires

  • massive transfusion protocol

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: HALT-IT Trial Collaborators. Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10241):1927-1936. PubMed [^4]: Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, et al; PROPPR Study Group. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(5):471-482. PubMed [^5]: Jaber S, Paugam C, Futier E, et al; BICAR-ICU Study Group. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10141):31-40. PubMed [^6]: Napolitano LM, Kurek S, Luchette FA, et al; American College of Critical Care Medicine of the Society of Critical Care Medicine; Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Practice Management Workgroup. Clinical practice guideline: red blood cell transfusion in adult trauma and critical care. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(12):3124-3157. PubMed [^7]: Stanworth SJ, Dowling K, Curry N, et al; Transfusion Task Force of the British Society for Haematology. Haematological management of major haemorrhage: a British Society for Haematology Guideline. Br J Haematol. 2022;198(4):654-667. PubMed

  • acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia AEP and CEP

  • methemoglobinemia has reduced O2 saturation with normal PaO2

  • carbon monoxide poisoning

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Thom SR, Taber RL, Mendiguren II, et al. Delayed neuropsychologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: prevention by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25(4):474-480. PubMed [^4]: Weaver LK, Hopkins RO, Chan KJ, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(14):1057-1067. PubMed [^5]: Weaver LK. Clinical practice: carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1217-1225. PubMed [^6]: Worsham CM, Woo J, Kearney MJ, et al. Carbon monoxide poisoning during major U.S. power outages. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(2):191-192. PubMed

  • mycobactrium avium MAC

    • [^1]: Broaddus, V. Courtney et al. Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Ed. V. Courtney Broaddus et al. Seventh edition. Philadelphia, PA, 2021. Print. [^3]: Bryant J.M., Grogono D.M., Greaves D., et. al.: Whole-genome sequencing to identify transmission of Mycobacterium abscessus between patients with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2013; 381: pp. 1551-1560. [^4]: Falkinham JO. Reducing Human Exposure to Mycobacterium avium. Annals ATS. 2013;10(4):378-382. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201301-013FR [^5]: Broaddus, V. Courtney et al. Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Ed. V. Courtney Broaddus et al. Seventh edition. Philadelphia, PA, 2021. Print [^6]: Infection with Mycobacterium avium complex in patients without predisposing conditions. Prince DS, Peterson DD, Steiner RM, Gottlieb JE, Scott R, Israel HL, Figueroa WG, Fish JE. N Engl J Med. 1989;321(13):863. [^7]: Elicker, Brett M., W. Richard Webb, and W. Richard (Wayne Richard) Webb. Fundamentals of High-Resolution Lung CT: Common Findings, Common Patterns, Common Diseases, and Differential Diagnosis. Second edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Wolters Kluwer, 2019. [^8]: SEEK Questionnaires [^9]: An Official ATS/IDSA Statement: Diagnosis, Treatment, an Prevention of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases.” A Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007.

  • constrictive bronchiolitis is small airway disease

  • mesothelioma

  • Lung nodules

  • eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis EGPA aka churg strauss

  • prone ventilation improves RV hemodynamics

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fougères E, Teboul JL, Richard C, et al. Hemodynamic impact of a positive end-expiratory pressure setting in acute respiratory distress syndrome: importance of the volume status. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(3):802-807. PubMed [^4]: Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, et al; PROSEVA Study Group. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159-2168. PubMed [^5]: Guerin C, Baboi L, Richard JC. Mechanisms of the effects of prone positioning in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(11):1634-1642. PubMed [^6]: Jozwiak M, Teboul JL, Anguel N, et al. Beneficial hemodynamic effects of prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(12):1428-1433. PubMed [^7]: Magder S. Is all on the level? Hemodynamics during supine versus prone ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(12):1390-1391. PubMed [^8]: Mancebo J, Fernández R, Blanch L, et al. A multicenter trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(11):1233-1239. PubMed

  • CLAD chronic lung allograft dysfunction

  • post surgical necrotizing soft tissue infection can develop into toxic shock

  • CPAP improves LV afterload by preventing upper airway collapse

  • initiate SBT when ventilator is at lowest setting

    • [^1]: Brochard L, Rauss A, Benito S, et al. Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150(4):896-903. PubMed [^3]: Shehabi Y, Howe BD, Bellomo R, et al; ANZICS Clinical Trials Group and the SPICE III Investigators. Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(26):2506-2517. PubMed

  • tpa contraindications

  • decrease flow rate in status asthmaticus over increasing PEEP

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hess DR. Respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated patients. Respir Care. 2014;59(11):1773-1794. PubMed [^4]: Mannam P, Siegel MD. Analytic review: management of life-threatening asthma in adults. J Intensive Care Med. 2010;25(1):3-15. PubMed

  • venous hyperoxia differentiates between methemoglobinemia and cyanide toxicity

  • use pirfenidone over nintedanib for less CYP interactions for pulmonary fibrosis

  • pulmonary diseases that are less common among smokers than nonsmokers

  • use CTA neck to assess for blunt cerebrovascular injury

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Crawford JD, Allan KM, Patel KU, et al. The natural history of indeterminate blunt cerebrovascular injury. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(9):841-847. PubMed [^4]: Funk, G. Facial Fracture Management Handbook - Malar complex fractures. University of Iowa Health Care https://medicine.uiowa.edu/iowaprotocols/facial-fracture-management-handbook-malar-complex-fractures. Accessed March 28, 2022. [^5]: Geddes AE, Burlew CC, Wagenaar AE, et al. Expanded screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury: a bigger impact than anticipated. Am J Surg. 2016;212(6):1167-1174. PubMed [^6]: Grigorian A, Kabutey NK, Schubl S, et al. Blunt cerebrovascular injury incidence, stroke-rate, and mortality with the expanded Denver criteria. Surgery. 2018;164(3):494-499. PubMed [^7]: Inaba K, Byerly S, Bush LD, et al; WTA C-Spine Study Group. Cervical spinal clearance: a prospective Western Trauma Association multi-institutional trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(6):1122-1130. PubMed [^8]: Leichtle SW, Banerjee D, Schrader R, et al. Blunt cerebrovascular injury: The case for universal screening. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;89(5):880-886. PubMed

  • aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease

  • check strongyloides for peirpheral eosinophilia before starting high dose steroids

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: La Hoz RM, Morris MI; AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Giardia, and Microsporidia, Entamoeba histolytica, Strongyloides, Schistosomiasis, and Echinococcus: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019;33(9):e13618. PubMed [^4]: Marchese V, Crosato V, Gulletta M, et al. Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Infection. 2021;49(3):539-542. PubMed [^5]: Requena-Méndez A, Buonfrate D, Gomez-Junyent J, Zammarchi L, Bisoffi Z, Muñoz J. Evidence-based guidelines for screening and management of strongyloidiasis in non-endemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(3):645-652. PubMed

  • combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema CPFE

  • use proning for severe hypoxemia in ARDS

  • bladder uterus FAST exam

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Von Kuenssberg Jehle D, Stiller G, Wagner D. Sensitivity in detecting free intraperitoneal fluid with the pelvic views of the FAST exam. Am J Emerg Med. 2003;21(6):476-478. PubMed

  • FAST exam is specific but not sensitive

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gleeson T, Blehar D. Point-of-care ultrasound in trauma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2018;39(4):374-383. PubMed [^4]: Malinoski DJ, Patel MS, Yakar DO, et al. A diagnostic delay of 5 hours increases the risk of death after blunt hollow viscus injury. J Trauma. 2010;69(1):84-87. PubMed [^5]: Stengel D, Leisterer J, Ferrada P, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12(12):CD012669. PubMed [^6]: Weinberg JA, Peck KA, Ley EJ, et al. Evaluation and management of bowel and mesenteric injuries after blunt trauma: a Western Trauma Association critical decisions algorithm. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;91(5):903-908. PubMed

  • follicular bronchiolitis

  • local anesthetic systemic toxicity LAST

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gitman M, Fettiplace MR, Weinberg GL, et al. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a narrative literature review and clinical update on prevention, diagnosis, and management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;144(3):783-795. PubMed [^4]: Harvey M, Cave G. Lipid emulsion in local anesthetic toxicity. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30(5):632-638. PubMed [^5]: Mörwald EE, Zubizarreta N, Cozowicz C, et al. Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in orthopedic patients receiving peripheral nerve blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(4):442-445. PubMed [^6]: Neal JM, Barrington MJ, Fettiplace MR, et al. The Third American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity: executive summary 2017. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(2):113-123. PubMed [^7]: Neal JM, Neal EJ, Weinberg GL. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine local anesthetic systemic toxicity checklist: 2020 version. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(1):81-82. PubMed [^8]: Rubin DS, Matsumoto MM, Weinberg G, et al. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity in total joint arthroplasty: incidence and risk factors in the United States from the National Inpatient Sample 1998-2013. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(2):131-137. PubMed

  • cryptococcus pulmonary infection

  • pulmonary coccidioidomycosis infection

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hage CA, Carmona EM, Epelbaum O, et al. Microbiological laboratory testing in the diagnosis of fungal infections in pulmonary and critical care practice. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(5):535-550. PubMed [^4]: Thompson GR 3rd, Bays DJ, Johnson SM, Cohen SH, Pappagianis D, Finkelman MA. Serum (1->3)-β-D-glucan measurement in coccidioidomycosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(9):3060-3062. PubMed

  • use TXA in trauma resuscitation and TBI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Innerhofer N, Treichl B, Rugg C, et al. First-line administration of fibrinogen concentrate in the bleeding trauma patient: searching for effective dosages and optimal post-treatment levels limiting massive transfusion-further results of the RETIC study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3930. PubMed [^4]: Martinowitz U, Kenet G, Segal E, et al. Recombinant activated factor VII for adjunctive hemorrhage control in trauma. J Trauma. 2001;51(3):431-438. PubMed [^5]: Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, et al; FAST Trial Investigators. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(20):2127-2137. PubMed [^6]: Morrison JJ, Dubose JJ, Rasmussen TE, Midwinter MJ. Military application of tranexamic acid in trauma emergency resuscitation (MATTERs) study. Arch Surg. 2012;147(2):113-119. PubMed [^7]: Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, et al. The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients. Health Technol Assess. 2013;17(10):1-79. PubMed [^8]: Spinella PC, Perkins JG, McLaughlin DF, et al. The effect of recombinant activated factor VII on mortality in combat-related casualties with severe trauma and massive transfusion. J Trauma. 2008;64(2):286-293. PubMed

  • arterial line damping

  • arterial line transducer positioning in relation to heart

  • benefits of NIV

  • brain death exams

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lewis A, Greer D. Current controversies in brain death determination. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(8):505-509. PubMed [^4]: Greer DM, Wang HH, Robinson JD, et al. Variability of brain death policies in the United States. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(2):213-218. PubMed [^5]: Streitberger KJ, Leithner C, Wattenberg M, et al. Neuron-specific enolase predicts poor outcome after cardiac arrest and targeted temperature management: a multicenter study on 1,053 patients. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(7):1145-1151. PubMed [^6]: Wijdicks EF, Varelas PN, Gronseth GS, et al; American Academy of Neurology. Evidence-based guideline update: determining brain death in adults: report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2010;74(23):1911-1918. PubMed

  • check tryptase for anaphylaxis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Randolph C, et al. Anaphylaxis—a practice parameter update 2015. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(5):341-384. PubMed [^4]: Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, et al; EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group. Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2014;69(8):1026-1045. PubMed [^5]: Reber LL, Hernandez JD, Galli SJ. The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(2):335-348. PubMed [^6]: Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report—Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(2):391-397. PubMed [^7]: Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Dimov V, et al; World Allergy Organization. World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: 2013 update of the evidence base. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(3):193-204. PubMed [^8]: Wood RA, Camargo CA Jr, Lieberman P, et al. Anaphylaxis in America: the prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):461-467. PubMed

  • do not use bipap for rescue failed extubation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, et al. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):164-170. PubMed [^4]: Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287(24):3238-3244. PubMed [^5]: Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(11):2465-2470. PubMed

  • driving pressure is plateau pressure minus PEEP

  • extubate patients to Bipap

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, et al. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):164-170. PubMed [^4]: Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(11):2465-2470. PubMed [^5]: Rochwerg B, Brochard L, Elliott MW, et al. Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(2):1602426. PubMed

  • extubating patient without cuff leak

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kuriyama A, Umakoshi N, Sun R. Prophylactic corticosteroids for prevention of postextubation stridor and reintubation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2017;151(5):1002-1010. PubMed

  • fat emboli syndrome can manifest as shock and nonconvulsive seizure

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Morales-Vidal SG. Neurologic complications of fat embolism syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19(3):14. PubMed [^4]: Sutter R, Semmlack S, Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults - insights into the invisible. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12(5):281-293. PubMed

  • GLP associated with aspiration during intubation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Sodhi M, Rezaeianzadeh R, Kezouh A, et al. Risk of gastrointestinal adverse events associated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for weight loss. JAMA. 2023;330(18):1795-1797. PubMed

  • how to clear cervical collar

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bush L, Brookshire R, Roche B, et al. Evaluation of cervical spine clearance by computed tomographic scan alone in intoxicated patients with blunt trauma. JAMA Surg. 2016;151(9):807-813. PubMed [^4]: Como JJ, Diaz JJ, Dunham CM, et al. Practice management guidelines for identification of cervical spine injuries following trauma: update from the eastern association for the surgery of trauma practice management guidelines committee. J Trauma. 2009;67(3):651-659. PubMed [^5]: Hasandarras AKH, Strandvik GF, Faramawy AE, et al. Intensive care physician-led clearance of the cervical spine: a retrospective review of the utility of a normal cervical CT scan for safe removal of hard collars by critical care physicians. J Intensive Care Med. 2023;38(10):903-910. PubMed [^6]: Inaba K, Byerly S, Bush LD, et al; WTA C-Spine Study Group. Cervical spinal clearance: a prospective Western Trauma Association Multi-institutional Trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(6):1122-1130. PubMed [^7]: Patel MB, Humble SS, Cullinane DC, et al. Cervical spine collar clearance in the obtunded adult blunt trauma patient: a systematic review and practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78(2):430-441. PubMed

  • icu delirium scales

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Girard TD, Exline MC, Carson SS, et al; MIND-USA Investigators. Haloperidol and ziprasidone for treatment of delirium in critical illness. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(26):2506-2516. PubMed [^4]: Riker RR, Shehabi Y, Bokesch PM, et al; SEDCOM (Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine Compared With Midazolam) Study Group. Dexmedetomidine vs midazolam for sedation of critically ill patients: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2009;301(5):489-499. PubMed

  • metabolic alkalosis from diuresis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Tinawi M. Pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of metabolic alkalosis. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12841. PubMed

  • PT OT reduces ICU delirium

  • pulse oximeters inaccuracy in hypoperfusion state and in darker skin tones

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Henry NR, Hanson AC, Schulte PJ, et al. Disparities in hypoxemia detection by pulse oximetry across self-identified racial groups and associations with clinical outcomes. Crit Care Med. 2022;50(2):204-211. PubMed [^4]: Seitz KP, Wang L, Casey JD, et al. Pulse oximetry and race in critically ill adults. Crit Care Explor. 2022;4(9):e0758. PubMed [^5]: Sjoding MW, Dickson RP, Iwashyna TJ, et al. Racial bias in pulse oximetry measurement. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(25):2477-2478. PubMed [^6]: Valbuena VSM, Merchant RM, Hough CL. Racial and ethnic bias in pulse oximetry and clinical outcomes. JAMA Intern Med. 2022;182(7):699-700. PubMed [^7]: Wong AI, Charpignon M, Kim H, et al. Analysis of discrepancies between pulse oximetry and arterial oxygen saturation measurements by race and ethnicity and association With organ dysfunction and mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(11):e2131674. PubMed

  • REBOA increases bleeding and mortality

  • recruitment maneuvers cause lung injury

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Sahetya SK,Brower RG. Lung recruitment and titrated PEEP in moderate to severe ARDS: is the door closing on the open lung?. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1327-1329. PubMed [^4]: Writing Group for the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial (ART) Investigators., Cavalcanti AB, Suzumura ÉA, et al; Writing Group for the Alveolar Recruitment for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Trial (ART) Investigators. Effect of lung recruitment and titrated positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;318(14):1335-1345. PubMed

  • scuba diving and decompression sickness

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Friedman MA, Fernandez M, Backer LC, et al. An updated review of ciguatera fish poisoning: clinical, epidemiological, environmental, and public health management. Mar Drugs. 2017;15(3):72. PubMed [^4]: Feng C, Teuber S, Gershwin ME. Histamine (scombroid) fish poisoning: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;50(1):64-69. PubMed [^5]: Katikou P, Gokbulut C, Kosker AR, et al. An updated review of tetrodotoxin and its peculiarities. Mar Drugs. 2022;20(1):47. PubMed

  • self induced lung injury SILI can occur because of large inspiratory tidal volume

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Yoshida T, Amato MBP, Kavanagh BP. Understanding spontaneous vs. ventilator breaths: impact and monitoring. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(12):2235-2238. PubMed [^4]: Yoshida T, Fujino Y, Amato MB, et al. Fifty years of research in ARDS. Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation. Risks, mechanisms, and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(8):985-992. PubMed [^5]: Yoshida T, Roldan R, Beraldo MA, et al. Spontaneous effort during mechanical ventilation: maximal injury with less positive end-expiratory pressure. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(8):e678-688. PubMed [^6]: Yoshida T, Uchiyama A, Matsuura N, et al. Spontaneous breathing during lung-protective ventilation in an experimental acute lung injury model: high transpulmonary pressure associated with strong spontaneous breathing effort may worsen lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(5):1578-1585.

  • small ETT can cause secretion accumulation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Covert T, Niu NT. Differential diagnosis of high peak airway pressures. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2015;34(1):19-23. PubMed [^4]: Glass C, Grap MJ, Sessler CN. Endotracheal tube narrowing after closed-system suctioning: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Crit Care. 1999;8(2):93-100. PubMed [^5]: Tobin MJ. Advances in mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(26):1986-1996. PubMed [^6]: Wang CH, Tsai JC, Chen SF, et al. Normal saline instillation before suctioning: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aust Crit Care. 2017;30(5):260-265. PubMed

  • TTM targeted temperature management at lower temp has higher arrythmia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hypothermia after Cardiac Arrest Study Group. Mild therapeutic hypothermia to improve the neurologic outcome after cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(8):549-556. PubMed [^4]: Jufer RA, Wstadik A, Walsh SL, et al. Elimination of cocaine and metabolites in plasma, saliva, and urine following repeated oral administration to human volunteers. J Anal Toxicol. 2000;24(7):467-477. PubMed [^5]: Mirrakhimov AE, Voore P, Halytskyy O, et al. Propofol infusion syndrome in adults: a clinical update. Crit Care Res Pract. 2015;2015:260385. PubMed [^6]: Salinas P, Lopez-de-Sa E, Pena-Conde L, et al. Electrocardiographic changes during induced therapeutic hypothermia in comatose survivors after cardiac arrest. World J Cardiol. 2015;7(7):423-430. PubMed [^7]: Yamazaki T, Shimada Y, Taenaka N, et al. Circulatory responses to afterloading with phenylephrine in hyperdynamic sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1982;10(7):432-435. PubMed [^8]: https://emcrit.org/pulmcrit/top-10-reasons-to-stop-cooling-to-33c/

  • use bronchoscopy to advance ET if concern of cuff leak with high ET tube

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: El-Orbany M, Salem MR. Endotracheal tube cuff leaks: causes, consequences, and management. Anesth Analg. 2013;117(2):428-434. PubMed [^4]: Mort TC, Braffett BH. Conventional versus video laryngoscopy for tracheal tube exchange: glottic visualization, success rates, complications, and rescue alternatives in the high-risk difficult airway patient. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(2):440-448. PubMed [^5]: Park SH, Han SH, Do SH, et al. The influence of head and neck position on the oropharyngeal leak pressure and cuff position of three supraglottic airway devices. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(1):112-117. PubMed [^6]: Rudraraju P, Eisen LA. Confirmation of endotracheal tube position: a narrative review. J Intensive Care Med. 2009;24(5):283-292. PubMed

  • use chlorhexidine dressings to decrease CLABSI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current HAI Progress Report: 2022 National and State Healthcare-Associated Infections Progress Report. Accessed March 31, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/hai/data/portal/progress-report.html [^4]: Gavin NC, Webster J, Chan RJ, et al. Frequency of dressing changes for central venous access devices on catheter-related infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2(2):CD009213. PubMed [^5]: Parienti JJ, Mongardon N, Mégarbane B, et al; 3SITES Study Group. Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(13):1220-1229. PubMed [^6]: Puig-Asensio M, Marra AR, Childs CA, et al. Effectiveness of chlorhexidine dressings to prevent catheter-related bloodstream infections. Does one size fit all? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020;41(12):1388-1395. PubMed [^7]: Timsit JF, Rupp M, Bouza E, et al. A state of the art review on optimal practices to prevent, recognize, and manage complications associated with intravascular devices in the critically ill. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6):742-759. PubMed

  • use higher PEEP for SBT in obese patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lemyze M, Mallat J, Duhamel A, et al. Effects of sitting position and applied positive end-expiratory pressure on respiratory mechanics of critically ill obese patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(11):2592-2599. PubMed [^4]: Teggia Droghi M, De Santis Santiago RR, Pinciroli R, et al. High positive end-expiratory pressure allows extubation of an obese patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(4):524-525. PubMed

  • use left lateral uterus displacement in pregnant patient ACLS

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Chu J, Johnston TA, Geoghegan J; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Maternal collapse in pregnancy and the puerperium: green-top guideline no. 56. BJOG. 2020;127(5):e14-e52. PubMed [^4]: Ford ND, DeSisto CL, Galang RR, et al. Cardiac arrest during delivery hospitalization : a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(4):472-479. PubMed [^5]: Naoum EE, Chalupka A, Haft J, et al. Extracorporeal life support in pregnancy: a systematic review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(13):e016072. PubMed [^6]: Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al; Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Writing Group. Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16_suppl_2):S366-S468. PubMed [^7]: Zelop CM, Einav S, Mhyre JM, et al; American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of maternal cardiac arrest: a descriptive analysis of Get with the guidelines data. Resuscitation. 2018;132:17-20. PubMed

  • use of epinephrine improves ROSC incidence but not long term benefit

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hagihara A, Hasegawa M, Abe T, et al. Prehospital epinephrine use and survival among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2012;307(11):1161-1168. PubMed [^4]: Perkins GD, Ji C, Deakin CD, et al; PARAMEDIC2 Collaborators. A randomized trial of epinephrine in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(8):711-721. PubMed

  • use of esophageal manometry to guide PEEP

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mauri T, Yoshida T, Bellani G, et al; PLeUral pressure working Group (PLUG—Acute Respiratory Failure section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine). Esophageal and transpulmonary pressure in the clinical setting: meaning, usefulness and perspectives. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(9):1360-1373. PubMed [^4]: Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, et al. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(20):2095-2104. PubMed [^5]: Yoshida T, Amato MBP, Grieco DL, et al. Esophageal manometry and regional transpulmonary pressure in lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(8):1018-1026. PubMed [^6]: Yoshida T, Grieco DL, Brochard L. Guiding ventilation with transpulmonary pressure. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45(4):535-538. PubMed

  • use trendelenburg position for air embolism from central line placement

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Malik N, Claus PL, Illman JE, et al. Air embolism: diagnosis and management. Future Cardiol. 2017;13(4):365-378. PubMed [^4]: McCarthy CJ, Behravesh S, Naidu SG, et al. Air embolism: diagnosis, clinical management and outcomes. Diagnostics (Basel). 2017;7(1):5. PubMed [^5]: Toung TJ, Rossberg MI, Hutchins GM. Volume of air in a lethal venous air embolism. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(2):360-361. PubMed

  • Goodpasture syndrome anti-GBM can develop DAH

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lichtenberger JP 3rd, Digumarthy SR, Abbott GF, et al. Diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage: clues to the diagnosis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2014;43(3):128-139. PubMed [^4]: McAdoo SP, Pusey CD. Antiglomerular basement membrane disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;39(4):494-503. PubMed [^5]: Sanders JS, Rutgers A, Stegeman CA, et al. Pulmonary: renal syndrome with a focus on anti-GBM disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;32(3):328-334. PubMed [^6]: Walsh M, Merkel PA, Peh CA, et al; PEXIVAS Investigators. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(7):622-631. PubMed

  • idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis IPH is idiopathic DAH

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Saha BK, Bonnier A, Saha S, et al. Adult patients with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a comprehensive review of the literature. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(6):1627-1640. PubMed [^4]: Saha BK, Milman NT. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a review of the treatments used during the past 30 years and future directions. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(7):2547-2557. PubMed [^5]: Saha BK. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a state of the art review. Respir Med. 2021;176:106234. PubMed

  • DAH bronchoscopy shows hemosiderin laden macophages

  • pulmonary echinococcosis can present with pneumothorax

  • pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis PLG is associated with EBV

  • epsilon wave on EKG is arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

    • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires [^4]: Towbin JA, McKenna WJ, Abrams DJ, et al. 2019 HRS expert consensus statement on evaluation, risk stratification, and management of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. 2019;16(11):e301-e372. PubMed

  • 2, 3 BPG and RBC

  • 6 minute walk test 6mwt

    • [^1]: Effects of Methodological Variations on the 6MWT Distance (Reproduced with permission from the American Thoracic Society & European Respiratory Society ©. European Respiratory Journal Dec 2014, 44[6] 1428-1446; DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00150314.)

  • acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease

    • [^1]: Sickle cell disease [^3]: Howard J, Hart N, Roberts-Harewood M, et al; BCSH Committee. Guideline on the management of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2015;169(4):492-505. PubMed [^4]: Naik RP, Streiff MB, Haywood C Jr, et al. Venous thromboembolism in adults with sickle cell disease: a serious and under-recognized complication. Am J Med. 2013;126(5):443-449. PubMed [^5]: Novelli EM, Gladwin MT. Crises in sickle cell disease. Chest. 2016;149(4):1082-1093. PubMed [^6]: Aboursheid T, Albaroudi O, Alahdab F. Inhaled nitric oxide for treating pain crises in people with sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;7(7):CD011808. PubMed [^7]: Chou ST, Alsawas M, Fasano RM, et al. American Society of Hematology 2020 guidelines for sickle cell disease: transfusion support. Blood Adv. 2020;4(2):327-355. PubMed [^8]: Kavanagh PL, Fasipe TA, Wun T. Sickle cell disease: a review. JAMA. 2022;328(1):57-68. PubMed [^9]: Spring J, Munshi L. Hematology emergencies in critically ill adults: benign hematology. Chest. 2022;161(5):1285-1296. PubMed [^10]: Ware RE, de Montalembert M, Tshilolo L, et al. Sickle cell disease. Lancet. 2017;390(10091):311-323. PubMed

  • ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be mistaken for lung problems

  • bronchopulmonary dysplasia BPD can lead to airway obstruction

  • castleman disease

  • chronic silicone embolism syndrome

  • e-cigarettes and tobacco

  • EVALI ecigarette or vaping associated lung injury

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Blagev DP, Harris D, Dunn AC, Guidry DW, Grissom CK, Lanspa MJ. Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2019;394(10214):2073-2083. PubMed [^4]: Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al; Lung Injury Response Laboratory Working Group. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697-705. PubMed [^5]: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For State, Local, Territorial, and Tribal Health Departments. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic\_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease/health-departments/index.html. Accessed April 8, 2022.

  • hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

  • lupus can have shrinking lung syndrome

  • marijuana use can induce bulla formation

  • Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome or tracobronchomegaly

  • osler weber rendu is associated with high output heart failure from hepatic AVM

  • osler weber rendu is associated with pulmonary AVM

  • physicians must obtain separate consent for living donor bronchoscopy

  • placental transmogrification of the lung

  • pneumonia tularemia needs to be treated with aminoglycoside

  • rituximab can cause hypogammaglobulinemia

  • steroid induced myopathy can cause dyspnea in cancer patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liu SY, Cai W, Wang F, et al. UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-based metabolomics coupled with metabolomics pathway analysis method for exploring the protection mechanism of Kudiezi injection in a rat anti-ischemic cerebral reperfusion damage model. Chin J Nat Med. 2017;15(12):955-960. PubMed [^4]: Reincke M. Cushing syndrome associated myopathy: it is time for a change. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(3):564-571. PubMed [^5]: Ullah T, Patel H, Pena GM, et al. A contemporary review of radiation pneumonitis. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2020;26(4):321-325. PubMed [^6]: Zhang Q, Tang L, Zhou Y, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonitis in non-small cell lung cancer: current understanding in characteristics, diagnosis, and management. Front Immunol. 2021;12:663986. PubMed

  • thoracic endometriosis syndrome TES can cause catamenial pneumothorax and hemothorax

  • traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts can result following trauma

  • use rigid bronchoscopy for extraction of foreign objects

  • use sniff test to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis

  • VAP risk factors for MDR pathogens

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Depuydt PO, Vandijck DM, Bekaert MA, et al. Determinants and impact of multidrug antibiotic resistance in pathogens causing ventilator-associated-pneumonia. Crit Care. 2008;12(6):R142. PubMed [^4]: Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(5):e61-e111. PubMed [^5]: Palacios-Baena ZR, Giannella M, Manissero D, et al. Risk factors for carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(2):228-235. PubMed [^6]: Trouillet JL, Chastre J, Vuagnat A, et al. Ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by potentially drug-resistant bacteria. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(2):531-539. PubMed

  • Warfarin can cause tracheobronchial tree calcification

  • respiratory bronchiolitis

  • GBS guillain barre syndrome

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Zaeem Z, Siddiqi ZA, Zochodne DW. Autonomic involvement in Guillain-Barré syndrome: an update. Clin Auton Res. 2019;29(3):289-299. PubMed

  • pulmonary abscess

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Rahman NM, Maskell NA, West A, et al. Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):518-526. PubMed

  • TIPS can cause portopulmonary hypertension

  • acute abdominal compartment syndrome

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Cheatham ML, Malbrain ML, Kirkpatrick A, et al. Results from the International Conference of Experts on intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. II. Recommendations. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(6):951-962. PubMed [^4]: De Waele JJ, Hoste EA, Malbrain ML. Decompressive laparotomy for abdominal compartment syndrome—a critical analysis. Crit Care. 2006;10(2):R51. PubMed [^5]: Doerschug KC, Schmidt GA. Intensive care ultrasound: III. Lung and pleural ultrasound for the intensivist. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2013;10(6):708-712. PubMed [^6]: Monnet X, Marik P, Teboul JL. Passive leg raising for predicting fluid responsiveness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(12):1935-1947. PubMed

  • LAM vs PLCH vs LIP vs PBML image, histology, PFT

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Algorithmic approach to multiple intraparenchymal cysts. Abbreviations: HRCT, high-resolution CT; BHD, Birt-Hogg-Dubé; H/O, history of; LAM, lymphangioleiomyomatosis; TS, tuberous sclerosis [complex (TSC)]; PTX, pneumothorax; PFT = pulmonary function test; HMB-45, Human Melanoma Black. Figure courtesy of Raoof S, Bondalapati P, Vydyula R, et al. Cystic lung diseases: algorithmic approach. Chest. 2016;150(4):945-965.

  • polymicrobial peritonitis suggests perforation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):481-508. PubMed [^4]: ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2018;38(4):313. PubMed

  • asbestosis

  • DAH CT finding includes consolidation or ground glass opacities

  • DAH diffuse alveolar hemorrhage causes can have different etiologies

  • HLH hemaphagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

  • DRESS syndrome causes

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al; RegiSCAR study group. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(5):1071-1080. PubMed [^4]: Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, et al. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome / drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023:S0190-9622(23)02402-7. PubMed [^5]: MKSAP

  • CAPE COD trial shows steroid reduces mortality in severe pneumonia patients

    • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires [^4]: Chaudhuri D, Nei AM, Rochwerg B, et al. 2024 focused update: guidelines on use of corticosteroids in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and community-acquired pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2024. PubMed [^5]: Dequin PF, Meziani F, Quenot JP, et al; CRICS-TriGGERSep Network. Hydrocortisone in severe community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(21):1931-1941. PubMed [^6]: Hydrocortisone for severe community acquired pneumonia in ICU. Drug Ther Bull. 2023;62(1):3. PubMed [^7]: Meduri GU, Shih MC, Bridges L, et al; ESCAPe Study Group. Low-dose methylprednisolone treatment in critically ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2022;48(8):1009-1023. PubMed

  • DRESS syndrome in the ICU

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al; RegiSCAR study group. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(5):1071-1080. PubMed [^4]: Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, et al. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome / drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023:S0190-9622(23)02402-7. PubMed

  • dupilumab dupixent is used to treat oral corticosteroid dependent asthma

  • seizure can be result of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

  • cyanide toxicity causes, symptoms, labs

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mokhlesi B, Leikin JB, Murray P, et al. Adult toxicology in critical care: Part II: specific poisonings. Chest. 2003;123(3):897-922. PubMed [^4]: Parker-Cote JL, Rizer J, Vakkalanka JP, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of acute cyanide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(7):609-617. PubMed [^5]: Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(5):661-669. PubMed

  • use CTA to look for large vessel occlusion in ischemic stroke patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Tao C, Nogueira RG, Zhu Y, et al; ATTENTION Investigators. Trial of endovascular treatment of acute basilar-artery occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(15):1361-1372. PubMed

  • transfusion associated graft vs host disease

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dwyre DM, Holland PV. Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease. Vox Sang. 2008;95(2):85-93. PubMed [^4]: Guinet F, Carniel E, Leclercq A. Transfusion-transmitted Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(6):583-591. PubMed [^5]: Lin CY, Wang CW, Hui CR, et al. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions induced by proton pump inhibitors: a clinical and in vitro T-cell reactivity study. Allergy. 2018;73(1):221-229. PubMed

  • phenobarbital use have increased risk for steven johnson syndrome

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bastuji-Garin S, Fouchard N, Bertocchi M, Roujeau JC, Revuz J, Wolkenstein P. SCORTEN: a severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(2):149-153. PubMed [^4]: Garcia-Doval I, LeCleach L, Bocquet H, Otero XL, Roujeau JC. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: does early withdrawal of causative drugs decrease the risk of death? Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(3):323-327. PubMed [^5]: Gerull R, Nelle M, Schaible T. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a review. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(6):1521-1532. PubMed [^6]: Oks M, Cleven KL, Healy L, et al. The safety and utility of phenobarbital use for the treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the medical intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2020;35(9):844-850. PubMed [^7]: Steel TL, Afshar M, Edwards S, et al. Research needs for inpatient management of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: an official American Thoracic Society research statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(7):e61-e87. PubMed

  • valproic acid associated hyperammonemia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mathias RS, Kostiner D, Packman S. Hyperammonemia in urea cycle disorders: role of the nephrologist. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(5):1069-1080. PubMed [^4]: Nicholson C, Fowler M, Mullen C, et al. Evaluation of levocarnitine, lactulose, and combination therapy for the treatment of valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in critically ill patients. Epilepsy Res. 2021;178:106806. PubMed

  • intracranial pressure ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure goals and treatment in TBI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Cooper DJ, Nichol AD, Bailey M, et al; POLAR Trial Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Effect of early sustained prophylactic hypothermia on neurologic outcomes among patients with severe traumatic brain injury: the POLAR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(21):2211-2220. PubMed [^4]: Lowering body temperature as a primary method of improving outcome in TBI was tested in the POLAR trial and failed to show benefit.[^1][^2][^3] [^5]: Robertson CS, Valadka AB, Hannay HJ, et al. Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury. Crit Care Med. 1999;27(10):2086-2095. PubMed

  • initiating nighttime NIV for chronic hypercapnia in COPD

  • lemierre syndrome is septic thrombophlebitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dai YL, Chen VM, Hedges TR 3rd, et al. Lemierre syndrome associated mycotic cavernous sinus thrombosis and carotid aneurysm after COVID-19. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2022;27:101642. PubMed [^4]: Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, et al; ISCVT Investigators. Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke. 2004;35(3):664-670. PubMed [^5]: Golpe R, Marín B, Alonso M. Lemierre’s syndrome (necrobacillosis). Postgrad Med J. 1999;75(881):141-144. PubMed [^6]: Sakaida H, Kobayashi M, Ito A, et al. Cavernous sinus thrombosis: linking a swollen red eye and headache. Lancet. 2014;384(9946):928. PubMed

  • treat thyroid storm in pregnant patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Carroll R, Matfin G. Endocrine and metabolic emergencies: thyroid storm. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2010;1(3):139-145. PubMed [^4]: Chattaway JM, Klepser TB. Propylthiouracil versus methimazole in treatment of Graves’ disease during pregnancy. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(6):1018-1022. PubMed [^5]: Moleti M, Di Mauro M, Sturniolo G, et al. Hyperthyroidism in the pregnant woman: maternal and fetal aspects. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2019;16:100190. PubMed [^6]: Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines for diagnosis and management of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid. 2016;26(10):1343-1421. PubMed

  • stress index in ventilators

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Henderson WR, Chen L, Amato MBP, Brochard LJ. Fifty years of research in ARDS: respiratory mechanics in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(7):822-833. PubMed [^4]: Sun XM, Chen GQ, Chen K, et al. Stress index can be accurately and reliably assessed by visually inspecting ventilator waveforms. Respir Care. 2018;63(9):1094-1101. PubMed [^5]: Walkey AJ, Del Sorbo L, Hodgson CL, et al. Higher PEEP versus lower PEEP strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(suppl 4):S297-S303. PubMed

  • extrapulmonary tuberculosis

  • GPA granulomatosis with polyangitis CT chest shows cavitary diseases

  • Strongyloidiasis stercoralis symptoms

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Ghoshal UC, Ghoshal U, Jain M, et al. Strongyloides stercoralis infestation associated with septicemia due to intestinal transmural migration of bacteria. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002;17(12):1331-1333. PubMed [^4]: Krolewiecki A, Nutman TB. Strongyloidiasis: a neglected tropical disease. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019;33(1):135-151. PubMed [^5]: Schulte C, Krebs B, Jelinek T, et al. Diagnostic significance of blood eosinophilia in returning travelers. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34(3):407-411. PubMed

  • common toxic alcohols

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kan G, Jenkins I, Rangan G, Woodroffe A, Rhodes H, Joyce D. Continuous haemodiafiltration compared with intermittent haemodialysis in the treatment of methanol poisoning. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2003;18(12):2665-2667. PubMed [^4]: Slaughter RJ, Mason RW, Beasley DM, et al. Isopropanol poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014;52(5):470-478. PubMed [^5]: Zakharov S, Pelclova D, Navratil T, et al. Intermittent hemodialysis is superior to continuous veno-venous hemodialysis/hemodiafiltration to eliminate methanol and formate during treatment for methanol poisoning. Kidney Int. 2014;86(1):199-207. PubMed

  • pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

  • lithium toxicity

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Jovic-Stosic J, Gligic B, Putic V, et al. Severe propranolol and ethanol overdose with wide complex tachycardia treated with intravenous lipid emulsion: a case report. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49(5):426-430. PubMed

  • lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP can have ground glass opacities with peribronchovascular cystic lesions, differentiate it from NSIP

  • cryptogenic organizing pneumonia COP histology shows Masson bodies

  • cystic fibrosis treat with Trikafta over mono or dual therapy

  • euglycemic dka in DM

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hamidi OP, Barbour LA. Endocrine emergencies during pregnancy: diabetic ketoacidosis and thyroid storm. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2022;49(3):473-489. PubMed [^4]: Modi A, Agrawal A, Morgan F. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a review. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2017;13(3):315-321. PubMed

  • use glucose infusion for G6PD patients who cannot tolerate PO intake

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kishnani PS, Austin SL, Abdenur JE, et al; American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Diagnosis and management of glycogen storage disease type I: a practice guideline of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics. Genet Med. 2014;16(11):e1. PubMed [^4]: Rake JP, Visser G, Labrune P, et al. Glycogen storage disease type I: diagnosis, management, clinical course and outcome. Results of the European Study on Glycogen Storage Disease Type I (ESGSD I). Eur J Pediatr. 2002;161 Suppl 1:S20-34. PubMed [^5]: Talente GM, Coleman RA, Alter C, et al. Glycogen storage disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1994;120(3):218-226. PubMed

  • inferior MI could be right sided STEMI

    • [^1]: Dell’Italia LJ, Starling MR, Blumhardt R, Lasher JC, O’Rourke RA. Comparative effects of volume loading, dobutamine, and nitroprusside in patients with predominant right ventricular infarction. Circulation. 1985;72(6):1327-1335. PubMed [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires [^4]: Jacobs AK, Leopold JA, Bates E, et al. Cardiogenic shock caused by right ventricular infarction: a report from the SHOCK registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(8):1273-1279. PubMed [^5]: Kapur NK, Esposito ML, Bader Y, et al. Mechanical circulatory support devices for acute right ventricular failure. Circulation. 2017;136(3):314-326. PubMed [^6]: Moye S, Carney MF, Holstege C, et al. The electrocardiogram in right ventricular myocardial infarction. Am J Emerg Med. 2005;23(6):793-799. PubMed

  • necrotizing soft tissue infection can spread by trauma or hematogenously

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10-52. PubMed [^4]: Stevens DL, Maier KA, Mitten JE. Effect of antibiotics on toxin production and viability of Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987;31(2):213-218. PubMed [^5]: Stevens DL, Musher DM, Watson DA, et al. Spontaneous, nontraumatic gangrene due to Clostridium septicum. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12(2):286-296. PubMed

  • reverse triggering is when patient initiates 2nd breath

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mellado Artigas R, Damiani LF, Piraino T, et al. Reverse triggering dyssynchrony 24 h after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology. 2021;134(5):760-769. PubMed [^4]: Mellott KG, Grap MJ, Munro CL, et al. Patient ventilator asynchrony in critically ill adults: frequency and types. Heart Lung. 2014;43(3):231-243. PubMed [^5]: Mirabella L, Cinnella G, Costa R, et al. Patient-ventilator asynchronies: clinical implications and practical solutions. Respiratory Care. 2020;65(11):1751-1766. [^6]: Oto B, Annesi J, Foley RJ. Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony in the intensive care unit: a practical approach to diagnosis and management. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2021;49(2):86-97. PubMed

  • autoimmune encephalitis from check point inhibitor

    • [^1]: Dalakas MC. Neurological complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors: what happens when you ‘take the brakes off’ the immune system. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2018;11:1756286418799864. PubMed [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • dupilumab dupixent can have transient elevation in blood eosinophils

  • GPA granulomatosis with polyangitis treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide

    • [^1]: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100(4S):S1-S276. PubMed [^3]: Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al; RAVE-ITN Research Group. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(3):221-232. PubMed [^4]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • granulomatosis with polyangiitis histology shows necrotizing granulomas

  • invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Maertens JA, Rahav G, Lee DG, et al; study investigators. Posaconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10273):499-509. PubMed [^4]: Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):e1-e60. PubMed [^5]: Thompson GR 3rd, Young JH. Aspergillus infections. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1496-1509. PubMed [^6]: Zou M, Tang L, Zhao S, et al. Correction: systematic review and meta-analysis of detecting galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0190459. PubMed [^7]: Gangneux JP, Dannaoui E, Fekkar A, et al. Fungal infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 during the first wave: the French multicentre MYCOVID study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(2):180-190. PubMed [^8]: Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(6):408-415. PubMed [^9]: Huang SF, Ying-Jung Wu A, Shin-Jung Lee S, et al; GREAT working group. COVID-19 associated mold infections: review of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023;56(3):442-454. PubMed [^10]: Lamoth F, Calandra T. Pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnosis and treatment. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(166):220114. PubMed [^11]: Thompson GR 3rd, Young JH. Aspergillus Infections. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1496-1509. PubMed [^12]: Townsend L, Martin-Loeches I. Invasive Aspergillosis in the intensive care unit. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(11):2712. PubMed

  • splenic vein thrombosis and variceal bleed

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Heider TR, Azeem S, Galanko JA, et al. The natural history of pancreatitis-induced splenic vein thrombosis. Ann Surg. 2004;239(6):876-880; discussion 880-882. PubMed [^4]: Sakorafas GH, Sarr MG, Farley DR, et al. The significance of sinistral portal hypertension complicating chronic pancreatitis. Am J Surg. 2000;179(2):129-133. PubMed

  • blastomycosis

  • ACORN trial showed zosyn does not cause AKI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Appa AA, Jain R, Rakita RM, et al. Characterizing cefepime neurotoxicity: a systematic review. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2017;4(4):ofx170. PubMed [^4]: Bellos I, Karageorgiou V, Pergialiotis V, et al. Acute kidney injury following the concurrent administration of antipseudomonal β-lactams and vancomycin: a network meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(6):696-705. PubMed [^5]: Blevins AM, Lashinsky JN, McCammon C, et al. Incidence of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients receiving vancomycin with concomitant piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, or meropenem. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(5):e02658-18. PubMed [^6]: Qian ET, Casey JD, Wright A, et al; Vanderbilt Center for Learning Healthcare and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Cefepime vs piperacillin-tazobactam in adults hospitalized with acute infection: the ACORN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;330(16):1557-1567. PubMed

  • catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

    • [^1]: Espinosa G, Rodríguez-Pintó I, Cervera R. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: an update. Panminerva Med. 2017;59(3):254-268. PubMed [^3]: Carmi O, Berla M, Shoenfeld Y, et al. Diagnosis and management of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017;10(4):365-374. PubMed [^4]: Taylor FB Jr, Toh CH, Hoots WK, et al; Scientific Subcommittee on Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH). Towards definition, clinical and laboratory criteria, and a scoring system for disseminated intravascular coagulation. Thromb Haemost. 2001;86(5):1327-1330. PubMed [^5]: Wada H, Matsumoto T, Yamashita Y. Diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) according to four DIC guidelines. J Intensive Care. 2014;2(1):15. PubMed

  • reversal in brain bleed

  • thromboelastogram TEG

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Sarode K, Hussain SS, Tyroch A, et al. A review of the current role of blood clotting analyzers in clinical practice. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2017;17(3):167-179. PubMed [^4]: Sharp G, Young CJ. Point-of-care viscoelastic assay devices (rotational thromboelastometry and thromboelastography): a primer for surgeons. ANZ J Surg. 2019;89(4):291-295. PubMed [^5]: Cannon JW, Dias JD, Kumar MA, et al. Use of thromboelastography in the evaluation and management of patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Explor. 2021;3(9):e0526. PubMed [^6]: Drumheller BC, Stein DM, Moore LJ, et al. Thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry for the surgical intensivist: a narrative review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;86(4):710-721. PubMed [^7]: Kim Y, Patel SS, McElroy IE, et al. A systematic review of thromboelastography utilization in vascular and endovascular surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2022;75(3):1107-1115. PubMed [^8]: CRASH-2 trial collaborators; Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9734):23-32. PubMed [^9]: Subramanian M, Kaplan LJ, Cannon JW. Thromboelastography-guided resuscitation of the trauma patient [published online ahead of print October 9, 2019]. JAMA Surg. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.3136. PubMed

  • transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Weitz IC. Thrombotic microangiopathy in cancer. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2019;45(4):348-353. PubMed [^4]: Zheng XL, Vesely SK, Cataland SR, et al. ISTH guidelines for treatment of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(10):2496-2502. PubMed

  • vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia VITT

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Huynh A, Kelton JG, Arnold DM, Daka M, Nazy I. Antibody epitopes in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia. Nature. 2021;596(7873):565-569. PubMed [^4]: Schultz NH, Sørvoll IH, Michelsen AE, et al. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(22):2124-2130. PubMed [^5]: Tiede A, Sachs UJ, Czwalinna A, et al. Prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination. Blood. 2021;138(4):350-353. PubMed

  • diagnostic criteria for acute eosinophilic pneumonia

  • propofol infusion syndrome can lead to elevated lactic acidosis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Jorens PG, Van den Eynden GG. Propofol infusion syndrome with arrhythmia, myocardial fat accumulation and cardiac failure. Am J Cardiol. 2009;104(8):1160-1162. PubMed [^4]: Sumi C, Okamoto A, Tanaka H, et al. Propofol induces a metabolic switch to glycolysis and cell death in a mitochondrial electron transport chain-dependent manner. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192796. PubMed [^5]: Vollmer JP, Haen S, Wolburg H, et al. Propofol related infusion syndrome: ultrastructural evidence for a mitochondrial disorder. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(1):e91-e94. PubMed

  • check point inhibitor pneumonitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Nishino M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Hatabu H, et al. Incidence of programmed cell death 1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(12):1607-1616. PubMed [^4]: Bade BC, Possick JD. Pulmonary complications of immunotherapy. Clin Chest Med. 2020;41(2):295-305. PubMed [^5]: Beattie J, Rizvi H, Fuentes P, et al. Success and failure of additional immune modulators in steroid-refractory/resistant pneumonitis related to immune checkpoint blockade. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;9(2):e001884. PubMed [^6]: Shibaki R, Akamatsu H, Fujimoto M, et al. Nivolumab induced radiation recall pneumonitis after two years of radiotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(6):1404-1405. PubMed [^7]: Wang DY, Salem JE, Cohen JV, et al. Fatal toxic effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2018;4(12):1721-1728. PubMed

  • differentiating between cyanide and carbon monoxide toxicity

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mokhlesi B, Leikin JB, Murray P, et al. Adult toxicology in critical care: Part II: specific poisonings. Chest. 2003;123(3):897-922. PubMed [^4]: Parker-Cote JL, Rizer J, Vakkalanka JP, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of acute cyanide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(7):609-617. PubMed [^5]: Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(5):661-669. PubMed

  • use vitamin B12 hydroxocobalamin for cyanide toxicity

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mokhlesi B, Leikin JB, Murray P, et al. Adult toxicology in critical care: Part II: specific poisonings. Chest. 2003;123(3):897-922. PubMed [^4]: Parker-Cote JL, Rizer J, Vakkalanka JP, et al. Challenges in the diagnosis of acute cyanide poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2018;56(7):609-617. PubMed [^5]: Shepherd G, Velez LI. Role of hydroxocobalamin in acute cyanide poisoning. Ann Pharmacother. 2008;42(5):661-669. PubMed

  • Triple inhaler improves mortality in COPD patients and should be used over ICS-LABA

  • bronchial atresia is a congenital anomaly that can cause mucous impaction

  • myasthenia crisis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, Benatar M, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology. 2016;87(4):419-425. PubMed

  • lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP have positive autoimmune labs and lymphocyte BAL results

  • hepatorenal syndrome HRS

    • [^1]: CHEST Board Review Critical Care? [^3]: Amathieu R, Al-Khafaji A, Sileanu FE, et al. Significance of oliguria in critically ill patients with chronic liver disease. Hepatology. 2017;66(5):1592-1600. PubMed [^4]: Nadim MK, Garcia-Tsao G. Acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(8):733-745. PubMed [^5]: Sort P, Navasa M, Arroyo V, et al. Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(6):403-409. PubMed [^6]: Wong F, Pappas SC, Curry MP, et al; CONFIRM Study Investigators. Terlipressin plus albumin for the treatment of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(9):818-828. PubMed

  • esophageal rupture

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Persson S, Rouvelas I, Irino T, et al. Outcomes following the main treatment options in patients with a leaking esophagus: a systematic literature review. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(12):1-10. PubMed [^4]: Shaker H, Elsayed H, Whittle I, et al. The influence of the ‘golden 24-h rule’ on the prognosis of oesophageal perforation in the modern era. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;38(2):216-222. PubMed [^5]: Watkins JR, Farivar AS. Endoluminal therapies for esophageal perforations and leaks. Thorac Surg Clin. 2018;28(4):541-554. PubMed

  • cerebral T wave inversion is sign of SAH and IPH

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Grunsfeld A, Fletcher JJ, Nathan BR. Cardiopulmonary complications of brain injury. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2005;5(6):488-493. PubMed [^4]: Hoh BL, Ko NU, Amin-Hanjani S, et al. 2023 Guideline for the management of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54(7):e314-e370. PubMed

  • long QT syndrome

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Schwartz PJ, Ackerman MJ. The long QT syndrome: a transatlantic clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(40):3109-3116. PubMed

  • bronchiolitis with air trapping can have appearance of decreased lung density on expiration

  • severe acute hyperammonemia can be caused by opportunistic infections

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Buzo BF, Preiksaitis JK, Halloran K, et al. Association between Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma airway positivity, ammonia levels, and outcomes post-lung transplantation: a prospective surveillance study. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(6):2123-2131. PubMed [^4]: Clay AS, Hainline BE. Hyperammonemia in the ICU. Chest. 2007;132(4):1368-1378. PubMed [^5]: Jang YS, Min JW, Kim YS. Positive culture rate and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2019;62(2):127-133. PubMed [^6]: Krutsinger D, Pezzulo A, Blevins AE, et al. Idiopathic hyperammonemia after solid organ transplantation: primarily a lung problem? A single-center experience and systematic review. Clin Transplant. 2017;31(5). PubMed [^7]: Leger RF, Silverman MS, Hauck ES, et al. Hyperammonemia post lung transplantation: a review. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2020;14:1179548420966234. PubMed [^8]: Mathias RS, Kostiner D, Packman S. Hyperammonemia in urea cycle disorders: role of the nephrologist. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(5):1069-1080. PubMed [^9]: Roberts SC, Bharat A, Kurihara C, et al. Impact of screening and treatment of Ureaplasma species on hyperammonemia syndrome in lung transplant recipients: a single center experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e2531-e2537. PubMed

  • 6 min walk test correlates to quality of life in post ARDS survivors

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matté A, et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. Functional disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(14):1293-1304. PubMed [^4]: Huang L, Yao Q, Gu X, et al. 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. Lancet. 2021;398(10302):747-758. PubMed [^5]: Mikkelsen ME, Still M, Anderson BJ, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine’s international consensus conference on prediction and identification of long-term impairments after critical illness. Crit Care Med. 2020;48(11):1670-1679. PubMed [^6]: Pfoh ER, Wozniak AW, Colantuoni E, et al. Physical declines occurring after hospital discharge in ARDS survivors: a 5-year longitudinal study. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(10):1557-1566. PubMed

  • neuromuscular blockade does not improve mortality in ARDS

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, et al; ACURASYS Study Investigators. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1107-1116. PubMed [^4]: Sessler CN. Counterpoint: should paralytic agents be routinely used in severe ARDS? No. Chest. 2013;144(5):1442-1445. PubMed [^5]: Slutsky AS, Villar J. Early paralytic agents for ARDS? Yes, no, and sometimes. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(21):2061-2063. PubMed

  • continue normal asthma management except ICS LABA in pregnant patients

  • mannitol inhalation test for asthma diagnosis

  • start allergen immunotherapy for controlled asthma patients

  • use bronchial thermoplasty to treat severe asthma

  • GPA granulomatosis with polyangitis symptoms include cavitary lung disease and neuropathy

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Comarmond C, Cacoub P. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener): clinical aspects and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(11):1121-1125. PubMed [^4]: Lutalo PM, D’Cruz DP. Diagnosis and classification of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Wegener’s granulomatosis). J Autoimmun. 2014;48-49:94-98. PubMed [^5]: Walsh M, Merkel PA, Peh CA, et al; PEXIVAS Investigators. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(7):622-631. PubMed

  • surgical treatment for infective endocarditis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council. Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1435-1486. PubMed [^4]: Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e35-e71. PubMed

  • lung transplant medication and CYP interactions

  • acute eosinophilic pneumonia can present after unusual or unique exposures

  • acute eosinophilic pneumonia diagnosis include eosinophils on BAL, pulmonary infiltrate, febrile illness

  • treat eosinophilic pneumonia with steroids

  • long QT

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Arunachalam K, Lakshmanan S, Maan A, Kumar N, Dominic P. Impact of drug induced long QT syndrome: a systematic review. J Clin Med Res. 2018;10(5):384-390. PubMed [^4]: Malaty M, Kayes T, Amarasekera AT, et al. Incidence and treatment of arrhythmias secondary to coronavirus infection in humans: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest. 2021;51(2):e13428. PubMed [^5]: Melchers M, van Zanten ARH. Management of hypocalcaemia in the critically ill. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2023;29(4):330-338. PubMed [^6]: Porta-Sánchez A, Gilbert C, Spears D, et al. Incidence, diagnosis, and management of QT prolongation induced by cancer therapies: a systematic review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(12):e007724. PubMed [^7]: Ryan K, Benz P, Zosel A, Farkas A, Theobald J. QTc prolongation in poison center exposures to CredibleMeds list of substances with “known risk of torsades de pointes.” Cardiovasc Toxicol. 2022;22(9):866-877. PubMed [^8]: Thomas SH, Behr ER. Pharmacological treatment of acquired QT prolongation and torsades de pointes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(3):420-427. PubMed

  • mesothelioma is associated with BAP1 mutation

  • mesothelioma vs adeno staining

  • nocardia and actinomyces

  • measure C4 complement level to differentiate hereditary from ace angioedema

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gompels MM, Lock RJ, Morgan JE, Osborne J, Brown A, Virgo PF. A multicentre evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency of serological investigations for C1 inhibitor deficiency. J Clin Pathol. 2002;55(2):145-147. PubMed [^4]: Oudit G, Girgrah N, Allard J. ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema of the intestine: case report, incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Can J Gastroenterol. 2001;15(12):827-832. PubMed [^5]: Rosenbaum S, Wilkerson RG, Winters ME, Vilke GM, Wu MYC. Clinical practice statement: what is the emergency department management of patients with angioedema secondary to an ACE-inhibitor? J Emerg Med. 2021;61(1):105-112. PubMed [^6]: Zuraw BL, Bernstein JA, Lang DM, et al; American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology; American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. A focused parameter update: hereditary angioedema, acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-associated angioedema. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;131(6):1491-1493. PubMed

  • paragangliomas is a type of middle mediastinum mass

  • treat refractory MAC with amikacin

  • antivenom administration for snake bites

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kim OH, Lee JW, Kim HI, et al. Adverse cardiovascular events after a venomous snakebite in Korea. Yonsei Med J. 2016;57(2):512-517. PubMed [^4]: Ralph R, Faiz MA, Sharma SK, et al. Managing snakebite. BMJ. 2022;376:e057926. PubMed [^5]: Russell JJ, Schoenbrunner A, Janis JE. Snake bite management: a scoping review of the literature. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021;9(4):e3506. PubMed

  • calcium channel blocker overdose treatment

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Engebretsen KM, Kaczmarek KM, Morgan J, et al. High-dose insulin therapy in beta-blocker and calcium channel-blocker poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49(4):277-283. PubMed [^4]: Lam YM, Tse HF, Lau CP. Continuous calcium chloride infusion for massive nifedipine overdose. Chest. 2001;119(4):1280-1282. PubMed [^5]: Shepherd G. Treatment of poisoning caused by beta-adrenergic and calcium-channel blockers. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63(19):1828-1835. PubMed [^6]: St-Onge M, Anseeuw K, Cantrell FL, et al. Experts consensus recommendations for the management of calcium channel blocker poisoning in adults. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(3):e306-e315. PubMed

  • cocaine overdose leads to catecholamine excess

  • pesticide exposure leads to cholinergic poisoning

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Henretig FM, Kirk MA, McKay CA Jr. Hazardous chemical emergencies and poisonings. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(17):1638-1655. PubMed

  • phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Polintan ETT, Danganan LML, Cruz NS, et al. Adjunctive dexmedetomidine in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Ann Pharmacother. 2023;57(6):696-705. PubMed [^4]: Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989;84(11):1353-1357. PubMed [^5]: The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020;14(3S suppl 1):1-72. PubMed [^6]: Umar Z, Haseeb Ul Rasool M, Muhammad S, et al. Phenobarbital and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33695. PubMed

  • toxin related paralysis including botulism and GBS

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Chatham-Stephens K, Fleck-Derderian S, Johnson SD, et al. Clinical features of foodborne and wound botulism: a systematic review of the literature, 1932-2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;66(suppl_1):S11-S16. PubMed [^4]: Dembek ZF, Smith LA, Rusnak JM. Botulism: cause, effects, diagnosis, clinical and laboratory identification, and treatment modalities. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2007;1(2):122-134. PubMed [^5]: Rao AK, Sobel J, Chatham-Stephens K, et al. Clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of botulism, 2021. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2021;70(2):1-30. PubMed

  • treat cocaine overdose with benzodiazepines, ccb, and nitroglycerin

  • order CPET to diagnose chronic dyspnea and assess preoperative risks

  • calculating efficacy

  • calculating survival probability

  • clinical equipoise is uncertainty that one treatment is better than the other

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(3):141-145. PubMed [^4]: London AJ. Equipoise in research: integrating ethics and science in human research. JAMA. 2017;317(5):525-526. PubMed

  • NNT numbers needed to treat limitations

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Stang A, Poole C, Bender R. Common problems related to the use of number needed to treat. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(8):820-825. PubMed [^4]: Wen L, Badgett R, Cornell J. Number needed to treat: a descriptor for weighing therapeutic options. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(19):2031-2036. PubMed

  • number needed to screen and prevalence

  • person time rate

  • power and confidence level of research

  • PPV has positive relationship with prevalence

  • receiver operating characteristics curve

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Crouser ED, Parrillo JE, Seymour C, et al. Improved early detection of sepsis in the ED with a novel monocyte distribution width biomarker. Chest. 2017;152(3):518-526. PubMed [^4]: Mandrekar JN. Receiver operating characteristic curve in diagnostic test assessment. J Thorac Oncol. 2010;5(9):1315-1316. PubMed

  • sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, true positive, false positive, true negative, false negative

    • [^1]: Moutulsky H. Intuitive Biostatistics: A Nonmathematical Guide to Statistical Thinking. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press; 2014.

  • type 1 and 2 errors

    • [^1]: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

  • validation methods in big data analysis

  • antibiotics pharmacology time and concentration dependence

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lipman J, Brett SJ, De Waele JJ, et al. A protocol for a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent β-lactam antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis: BLING III. Crit Care Resusc. 2019;21(1):63-68. PubMed [^4]: Rybak MJ, Le J, Lodise TP, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020;77(11):835-864. PubMed [^5]: Timsit JF, Bassetti M, Cremer O, et al. Rationalizing antimicrobial therapy in the ICU: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45(2):172-189. PubMed [^6]: Tsuji BT, Pogue JM, Zavascki AP, et al. International consensus guidelines for the optimal use of the polymyxins: endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Pharmacotherapy. 2019;39(1):10-39. PubMed

  • avoid ceftazidime in aztreoname allergies

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: James CW, Gurk-Turner C. Cross-reactivity of beta-lactam antibiotics. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2001;14(1):106-107. PubMed

  • gabapentin can cause hypercapnic respiratory failure with nyastagmus

  • suspect malignant hyperthermia in succinylcholine use and fever

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kaur H, Katyal N, Yelam A, et al. Malignant hyperthermia. Mo Med. 2019;116(2):154-159. PubMed

  • use benzodiazepine for baclofen withdrawal

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Romito JW, Turner ER, Rosener JA, et al. Baclofen therapeutics, toxicity, and withdrawal: a narrative review. SAGE Open Med. 2021;9:20503121211022197. PubMed [^4]: Saulino M, Anderson DJ, Doble J, et al. Best practices for intrathecal baclofen therapy: troubleshooting. Neuromodulation. 2016;19(6):632-641. PubMed [^5]: Schmitz NS, Krach LE, Coles LD, et al. Characterizing baclofen withdrawal: a national survey of physician experience. Pediatr Neurol. 2021;122:106-109. PubMed

  • use octreotide for glipizide overdose

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Glatstein M, Scolnik D, Bentur Y. Octreotide for the treatment of sulfonylurea poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012;50(9):795-804. PubMed [^4]: Klein-Schwartz W, Stassinos GL, Isbister GK. Treatment of sulfonylurea and insulin overdose. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(3):496-504. PubMed [^5]: Lheureux PE, Zahir S, Penaloza A, et al. Bench-to-bedside review: antidotal treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia with octreotide. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):543-549. PubMed

  • vitamin C ascorbate can affect POC glucose

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kahn SA, Lentz CW. Fictitious hyperglycemia: point-of-care glucose measurement is inaccurate during high-dose vitamin C infusion for burn shock resuscitation. J Burn Care Res. 2015;36(2):e67-e71. PubMed [^4]: Sartor Z, Kesey J, Dissanaike S. The effects of intravenous vitamin C on point-of-care glucose monitoring. J Burn Care Res. 2015;36(1):50-56. PubMed [^5]: Smith KE, Brown CS, Manning BM, et al. Accuracy of point-of-care blood glucose level measurements in critically ill patients with sepsis receiving high-dose intravenous vitamin C. Pharmacotherapy. 2018;38(11):1155-1161. PubMed

  • measuring QT and QTc on EKG

  • eosinophilia in pleural effusion suggests BAPE, air, PE, or cancer

  • hemothorax is when fluid hematocrit is over half of serum hematocrit

  • lymphocyte predominant pleural fluid suggests lymphoma, TB, ESRD

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: D’Annunzio S, Felner K, Smith RL. Go with the flow: an elderly man with a pleural effusion. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(11):2078-2081. PubMed [^4]: McNally E, Ross C, Gleeson LE. The tuberculous pleural effusion. Breathe (Sheff). 2023;19(4):230143. PubMed [^5]: Sahn SA, Iseman MD. Tuberculous empyema. Semin Respir Infect. 1999;14(1):82-87. PubMed [^6]: Zhai K, Lu Y, Shi HZ. Tuberculous pleural effusion. J Thorac Dis. 2016;8(7):E486-E494. PubMed

  • pleurx catheter results in fewer pleural procedure than talc pleurodesis

  • reexpansion pulmonary edema happens more in chronic effusion and can be bilateral

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Walter JM, Matthay MA, Gillespie CT, et al. Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure after large-volume thoracentesis. Mechanisms of pleural fluid formation and reexpansion pulmonary edema. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2016;13(3):438-443. PubMed

  • spontaneous bacterial empyema SBEM is empyema without pneumonia

  • trapped lung physiology is result of chronic lung entrapment

  • urinothorax is associated with obstructive uropathy after trauma or surgery

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Numata Y, Ishii K, Seki H, et al. Perforation of abdominal esophagus following nasogastric feeding tube intubation: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;45:67-71. PubMed [^4]: Steiger MJ, Morgan AG. Diagnostic aspiration of an iatrogenic hydrothorax following subclavian catheterization. Postgrad Med J. 1990;66(778):672-673. PubMed [^5]: Toubes ME, Lama A, Ferreiro L, et al. Urinothorax: a systematic review. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(5):1209-1218. PubMed

  • use radioisotope scan to diagnose hepatic hydrothorax

  • cardioselective beta blocker does not worsen COPD

  • endobronchial valve placement BLVR offers nonsurgical option for COPD patients

    • [^1]: COPD Part III LVRS, Bipap, and Transplant

  • lung volume reduction surgery LVRS

  • oxygen therapy improves survival in patients with resting hypoxemia

  • pursed lip breathing for COPD

  • selection criteria for lung transplantation in COPD patients

    • [^1]: COPD Part III LVRS, Bipap, and Transplant

  • start roflumilast for chronic bronchitis patient

  • use lower respiratory rate and high tidal volume for COPD patients on ventilator

  • use standard trigger and high cycle sensitivity for COPD patients

  • treat vocal cord dysfunction with ativan

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Girard TD, Alhazzani W, Kress JP, et al; ATS/CHEST Ad Hoc Committee on Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Adults. An official American Thoracic Society/American College of Chest Physicians clinical practice guideline: liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill adults. Rehabilitation protocols, ventilator liberation protocols, and cuff leak tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(1):120-133. PubMed [^4]: Halvorsen T, Walsted ES, Bucca C, et al. Inducible laryngeal obstruction: an official joint European Respiratory Society and European Laryngological Society statement. Eur Respir J. 2017;50(3):1602221. PubMed [^5]: Patel G, Pongracic JA. Hereditary and acquired angioedema. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2019;40(6):441-445. PubMed

  • aspirin can be used for prophylaxis after treatment of unprovoked recurrent DVT

  • free water deficit calculation

  • hemoconcentration can cause creatinine concentration after diuresis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: El-Refai M, Krivospitskaya O, Peterson EL, et al. Relationship of loop diuretic dosing and acute changes in renal function during hospitalization for heart failure. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2011;2(10):1000164. PubMed [^4]: Joannidis M, Klein SJ, Ostermann M. 10 myths about frusemide. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45(4):545-548. PubMed [^5]: Liu KD, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M, et al; National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury: impact of fluid accumulation on classification of acute kidney injury and associated outcomes. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(12):2665-2671. PubMed [^6]: Rangaswami J, Bhalla V, Blair JEA, et al; American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Cardiorenal syndrome: classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(16):e840-e878. PubMed

  • hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis from normal saline

    • [^1]: Scheingraber S, Rehm M, Sehmisch C, et al. Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999;90(5):1265-1270. PubMed [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • hypermagnesemia complications

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS, Rodriguez M. Pathophysiology of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium dysregulation in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial. 2015;28(6):564-577. PubMed [^4]: Nishikawa M, Shimada N, Kanzaki M, et al. The characteristics of patients with hypermagnesemia who underwent emergency hemodialysis. Acute Med Surg. 2018;5(3):222-229. PubMed

  • increase volume removal in peritoneal dialysis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Krediet RT, Douma CE, van Olden RW, et al. Augmenting solute clearance in peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int. 1998;54(6):2218-2225. PubMed [^4]: Zheng S, Auguste BL. Five things to know about volume overload in peritoneal dialysis. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2023;10:20543581221150590. PubMed

  • primary peritonitis in PD patients only need 50 neutrophils

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):481-508. PubMed [^4]: Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(4):e1-e50. PubMed [^5]: Perl J, Fuller DS, Bieber BA, et al. Peritoneal dialysis-related infection rates and outcomes: results from the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) [published online ahead of print January 10, 2020]. Am J Kidney Dis. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.09.016. PubMed [^6]: Toprak H, Yilmaz TF, Yurtsever I, et al. Multidetector CT findings in gastrointestinal tract perforation that can help prediction of perforation site accurately. Clin Radiol. 2019;74(9):736.e1-736.e7. PubMed

  • renal artery stenosis can cause recurrent flash pulmonary edema

  • urine anion gap differentiates between GI vs renal causes of NAGMA

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Emmett M, Narins RG. Clinical use of the anion gap. Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;56(1):38-54. PubMed [^4]: Gabow PA, Kaehny WD, Fennessey PV, et al. Diagnostic importance of an increased serum anion gap. N Engl J Med. 1980;303(15):854-858. PubMed [^5]: Kraut JA, Madias NE. Serum anion gap: its uses and limitations in clinical medicine. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2(1):162-174. PubMed [^6]: Uribarri J, Oh MS. The urine anion gap: common misconceptions. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32(5):1025-1028. PubMed

  • AIP acute interstitial pneumonia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mukhopadhyay S, Parambil JG. Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP): relationship to Hamman-Rich syndrome, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;33(5):476-485. PubMed [^4]: Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, et al; ATS/ERS Committee on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(6):733-748. PubMed

  • ILD associated with MDA-5 dermatomyositis

  • mycophenolate as primary treatment for sjogren associated ILD

  • nintedanib can be used to treat fibrotic HP and CTD ILD

  • sodium bicarb leads to lower serum K compared to other fluids

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: O’Malley CMN, Frumento RJ, Hardy MA, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of lactated Ringer’s solution and 0.9% NaCl during renal transplantation. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(5):1518-1524. PubMed [^4]: Self WH, Semler MW, Wanderer JP, et al; SALT-ED Investigators. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in noncritically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(9):819-828. PubMed

  • diagnosis of HP is in imaging and BAL with high lymphocyte count

  • HP hypersensitivity pneumonitis is divided into fibrotic and nonfibrotic types

  • bag mask ventilation between induction and intubation improved oxygenation

    • [^1]: Bag-Mask Ventilation during Tracheal Intubation of Critically Ill Adults [^3]: Casey JD, Janz DR, Russell DW, et al; PreVent Investigators and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Bag-mask ventilation during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(9):811-821. PubMed [^4]: Gibbs KW, Ginde AA, Prekker ME, et al; PREOXI Investigators and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the PREOXI trial of preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen mask in critically ill adults. CHEST Crit Care. 2023;1(2):100014. [^5]: Gibbs KW, Semler MW, Driver BE, et al; PREOXI Investigators and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Noninvasive ventilation for preoxygenation during emergency intubation. N Engl J Med. Published online June 13, 2024. PubMed [^6]: Russotto V, Myatra SN, Laffey JG, et al; INTUBE Study Investigators. Intubation practices and adverse peri-intubation events in critically ill patients from 29 countries. JAMA. 2021;325(12):1164-1172. PubMed

  • VL intubation has higher first pass success compared to DL

  • primary graft dysfunction PGD short and longterm outcomes

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Diamond JM, Arcasoy S, Kennedy CC, et al. Report of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part II: epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1104-1113. PubMed [^4]: Harano T, Ryan JP, Morrell MR, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. ASAIO J. 2021;67(9):1071-1078. PubMed [^5]: Natalini JG, Clausen ES. Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient. Clin Chest Med. 2023;44(1):105-119. PubMed [^6]: Natalini JG, Diamond JM. Primary graft dysfunction. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;42(3):368-379. PubMed [^7]: Snell GI, Yusen RD, Weill D, et al. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1097-1103. PubMed

  • CAR-T and cytokine release syndrome

    • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024 Heme Onc Emergencies [^3]: Azoulay É, Castro P, Maamar A, et al; Nine-I investigators. Outcomes in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy who were admitted to intensive care (CARTTAS): an international, multicentre, observational cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8(5):e355-e364. PubMed [^4]: Jones GL, Will A, Jackson GH, et al; British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines for the management of tumour lysis syndrome in adults and children with haematological malignancies on behalf of the British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Br J Haematol. 2015;169(5):661-671. PubMed [^5]: Outcomes in patients requiring intensive care for CAR T-cell toxicity. Drug Ther Bull. 2021;59(11):166. PubMed [^6]: Shimabukuro-Vornhagen A, Böll B, Schellongowski P, et al. Critical care management of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy recipients. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72(1):78-93. PubMed [^7]: Yan Z, Zhang H, Cao J, et al. Characteristics and risk factors of cytokine release syndrome in chimeric antigen receptor T cell treatment. Front Immunol. 2021;12:611366. PubMed

  • hamartomas are slow growing tumors with fat and cartilage

  • IMT inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

  • pulmonary carcinoid tumors are slow growing neuroendocrine tumor

  • NAGMA in DKA patients from ketone excretion

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Uribarri J. Mechanism of normochloremic and hyperchloremic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis. Nephron. 1990;54(1):1-6. PubMed [^4]: Ramanan M, Attokaran A, Murray L, et al; SCOPE-DKA Collaborators and Queensland Critical Care Research Network (QCCRN). Sodium chloride or Plasmalyte-148 evaluation in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (SCOPE-DKA): a cluster, crossover, randomized, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(11):1248-1257. PubMed

  • APAP results in lower mean airway pressure compared to CPAP

  • ASV adaptive support ventilation

  • CPAP with expiratory pressure relief

  • CSA supplemental O2

  • eszopiclone is used to help improve adherence to CPAP

  • high altitude can worsen CSA

  • initiating daytime ventilation for neuromuscular disease patients

  • initiating nighttime NIV for chronic hypercapnia in OHS

  • opioid impact on sleep disordered breathing

  • PAP therapy does not improve survival in HFrEF patients with CSA

  • REM sleep and pulmonary disorders

  • use in lab sleep testing instead of home for complicated sleep apnea

  • avoid beta lactam antibiotics for enterobacter because of ampC

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Maillard A, Delory T, Bernier J, et al; Treatment of AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales Study Group. Effectiveness of third-generation cephalosporins or piperacillin compared with cefepime or carbapenems for severe infections caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: a multi-centre retrospective propensity-weighted study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2023;62(1):106809. PubMed [^4]: Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. Published online July 18, 2023. PubMed [^5]: Tamma PD, Doi Y, Bonomo RA, Johnson JK, Simner PJ; Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. A primer on AmpC β-lactamases: necessary knowledge for an increasingly multidrug-resistant world. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(8):1446-1455. PubMed [^6]: Tamma PD, Girdwood SC, Gopaul R, et al. The use of cefepime for treating AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(6):781-788. PubMed

  • babesiosis babesia microti

  • brucellosis can be from dairy products

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Pappas G, Bosilkovski M, Akritidis N, et al. Brucellosis and the respiratory system. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(7):e95-e99. [^4]: Skalsky K, Yahav D, Bishara J, et al. Treatment of human brucellosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2008;336(7646):701-704. PubMed [^5]: Theegarten D, Albrecht S, Totsch M, et al. Brucellosis of the lung: case report and review of the literature. Virchows Arch. 2008;452:97-101. [^6]: Yousefi-Nooraie R, Mortaz-Hejri S, Mehrani M, et al. Antibiotics for treating human brucellosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;(10):CD007179. PubMed

  • capnocytophagas canimorsus

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Elghetany MT, Walker DH. Hemostatic changes in Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Mediterranean spotted fever. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;112(2):159-168. PubMed [^4]: Horseman MA, Surani S. A comprehensive review of Vibrio vulnificus: an important cause of severe sepsis and skin and soft-tissue infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15(3):e157-e166. PubMed [^5]: Mader N, Lührs F, Langenbeck M, et al. Capnocytophaga canimorsus - a potent pathogen in immunocompetent humans - systematic review and retrospective observational study of case reports. Infect Dis (Lond). 2020;52(2):65-74. PubMed [^6]: Vaiman M, Lazarovitch T, Heller L, et al. Ecthyma gangrenosum and ecthyma-like lesions: review article. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34(4):633-639. PubMed

  • chlamydia parrot disease

  • CNS malignancy patients have higher risk of PJP

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Decavèle M, Rivals I, Marois C, et al. Etiology and prognosis of acute respiratory failure in patients with primary malignant brain tumors admitted to the intensive care unit. J Neurooncol. 2019;142(1):139-148. PubMed [^4]: Karageorgopoulos DE, Qu JM, Korbila IP, et al. Accuracy of β-D-glucan for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19(1):39-49. PubMed [^5]: Sepkowitz KA, Brown AE, Telzak EE, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among patients without AIDS at a cancer hospital. JAMA. 1992;267(6):832-837. PubMed [^6]: Slivka A, Wen PY, Shea WM, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during steroid taper in patients with primary brain tumors. Am J Med. 1993;94(2):216-219. PubMed

  • combination therapy for pseudomonas in ICU covers multiple resistance mechanisms

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Executive summary: management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(5):575-582. PubMed [^4]: O’Neal H, Thomas C, Karam G. Principles governing antimicrobial use in the intensive care unit. In: Parillo J, Dellinger R, eds. Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2019:788-806. [^5]: Paul M, Benuri-Silbiger I, Soares-Weiser K, et al. Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2004;328(7441):668. PubMed

  • common fungal infection histology

  • do not use zanamivir for treatment of COPD due to influenza

  • fecal transplant in C. diff

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fischer M, Sipe B, Cheng YW, et al. Fecal microbiota transplant in severe and severe-complicated Clostridium difficile: a promising treatment approach. Gut Microbes. 2017;8(3):289-302. PubMed [^4]: McDonald LC, Gerding DN, Johnson S, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for Clostridium difficile infection in adults and children: 2017 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(7):e1-e48. PubMed

  • Fungal Infections

  • fungitell aka beta d glucan testing

  • fusarium infections in neutropenic patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bodey GP, Boktour M, Mays S, et al. Skin lesions associated with Fusarium infection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(5):659-666. PubMed [^4]: Kosmidis C, Denning DW. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Thorax. 2015;70(3):270-277. PubMed [^5]: Lerolle N, Raffoux E, Socie G, et al. Breakthrough invasive fungal disease in patients receiving posaconazole primary prophylaxis: a 4-year study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(11):O952-O959. PubMed [^6]: Mendoza L, Vilela R, Voelz K, et al. Human fungal pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014;5(4):a019562. PubMed [^7]: Muhammed M, Anagnostou T, Desalermos A, et al. Fusarium infection: report of 26 cases and review of 97 cases from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2013;92(6):305-316. PubMed [^8]: Ramirez-Garcia A, Pellon A, Rementeria A, et al. Scedosporium and Lomentospora: an updated overview of underrated opportunists. Med Mycol. 2018;56(suppl 1):102-125. PubMed

  • hyperviscous klebsiella pneumoniae

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Russo TA, Marr CM. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32(3):e00001-19. PubMed [^4]: Shon AS, Bajwa RP, Russo TA. Hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae: a new and dangerous breed. Virulence. 2013;4(2):107-118. PubMed

  • Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction from borreliosis treatment

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dhakal A, Sbar E. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. PubMed [^4]: Snowden J, Yarrarapu SNS, Oliver TI. Relapsing fever. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. PubMed

  • Malaria causes cyclic fevers

  • MDR pseudomonas treatment includes cefiderocol

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kramer J, Özkaya Ö, Kümmerli R. Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(3):152-163. PubMed [^4]: Zhanel GG, Golden AR, Zelenitsky S, et al. Cefiderocol: a siderophore cephalosporin with activity against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Drugs. 2019;79(3):271-289. PubMed

  • monkeypox aka mpox has rash and

  • MRSA nare test has high NPV

  • mucormycosis can cause pseudoaneurysm

  • mucormycosis pulmonary and treatment

  • neisseria meningoccocemia can cause purpura fulminans

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lyu QQ, Zheng RQ, Chen QH, et al. Early administration of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine in adult patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):295. PubMed [^4]: Moskowitz A, Berg KM, Grossestreuer AV, et al. Thiamine for Renal Protection in Septic Shock (TRPSS): a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;208(5):570-578. PubMed [^5]: Sevransky JE, Rothman RE, Hager DN, et al; VICTAS Investigators. Effect of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone on ventilatorand vasopressor-free days in patients with sepsis: the VICTAS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(8):742-750. PubMed [^6]: Takada S, Fujiwara S, Inoue T, et al. Meningococcemia in adults: a review of the literature. Intern Med. 2016;55(6):567-572. PubMed [^7]: Woolum JA, Abner EL, Kelly A, et al. Effect of thiamine administration on lactate clearance and mortality in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(11):1747-1752. PubMed

  • persistent enterococcus bateremia and prosthetics

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Osmon DR, Berbari EF, Berendt AR, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(1):e1-e25. PubMed [^4]: Pulido-Perez A, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Bergon-Sendin M, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of secondary skin lesions in septic patients with bloodstream infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2022;41(5):779-786. PubMed [^5]: Rogers R, Rice LB. State-of-the-art review: persistent enterococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;78(1):e1-e11. PubMed [^6]: Tande AJ, Patel R. Prosthetic joint infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(2):302-345. PubMed

  • pneumococcal vaccination indications

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bhatty M, Pruett SB, Swiatlo E, et al. Alcohol abuse and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: consideration of virulence factors and impaired immune responses. Alcohol. 2011;45(6):523-539. PubMed [^4]: Bhatty M, Pruett SB, Swiatlo E, et al. Alcohol abuse and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections: consideration of virulence factors and impaired immune responses. Alcohol. 2011;45(6):523-539. PubMed [^5]: Mongardon N, Max A, Bouglé A, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of severe pneumococcal pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit: a multicenter study. Crit Care. 2012;16(4):R155. PubMed [^6]: Reyes LF, Restrepo MI, Hinojosa CA, et al. Severe pneumococcal pneumonia causes acute cardiac toxicity and subsequent cardiac remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(5):609-620. PubMed

  • pseudomonas risk factors

  • rocephin reduced VAP incidence

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Klompas M. Potential strategies to prevent ventilator-associated events. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192(12):1420-1430. PubMed

  • treat NDM 1 bacteria with aztreonam and ceftazidime avibactam

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Marshall S, Hujer AM, Rojas LJ, et al. Can ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam overcome β-lactam resistance conferred by metallo-β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae? Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2017;61(4):e02243-16. PubMed [^4]: Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. Published online July 18, 2023. PubMed [^5]: Wenzler E, Deraedt MF, Harrington AT, et al. Synergistic activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam against serine and metallo-β-lactamase-producing gram-negative pathogens. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;88(4):352-354. PubMed [^6]: Yasmin M, Fouts DE, Jacobs MR, et al. Monitoring ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam concentrations in the treatment of a bloodstream infection caused by a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter sp. carrying both Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-4 and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(4):1095-1098. PubMed

  • treat pseudomonas HAP with 14 days antibiotics

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, et al; PneumA Trial Group. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2588-2598. PubMed [^4]: Kollef MH, Chastre J, Clavel M, et al. A randomized trial of 7-day doripenem versus 10-day imipenem-cilastatin for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care. 2012;16(6):R218. PubMed [^5]: Langsjoen J, Brady C, Obenauf E, et al. Nasal screening is useful in excluding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42(9):1014-1015. PubMed [^6]: Melling PA, Noto MJ, Rice TW, et al. Time to first culture positivity among critically ill adults with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth in respiratory or blood cultures. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54(2):131-137. PubMed [^7]: Qian ET, Casey JD, Wright A, et al; Vanderbilt Center for Learning Healthcare and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Cefepime vs piperacillin-tazobactam in adults hospitalized with acute infection: the ACORN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;330(16):1557-1567. PubMed

  • use cefiderocol for high resistant pseudomonas

  • use decadron in strep pneumo suspected meningitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kramer AH, Bleck TP. Neurocritical care of patients with central nervous system infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2007;9(4):308-314. PubMed [^4]: Mourvillier B, Tubach F, van de Beek D, et al. Induced hypothermia in severe bacterial meningitis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2174-2183. PubMed [^5]: Tunkel AR, Hasbun R, Bhimraj A, et al. 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America’s clinical practice guidelines for healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(6):e34-365. [^6]: van de Beek D, de Gans J, Tunkel AR, et al. Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(1):44-53. PubMed

  • use MRI instead of CT to scan for epidural abscess

  • use standard dose enteric oseltamivir without adjusting for weight

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Muthuri SG, Venkatesan S, Myles PR, et al; PRIDE Consortium Investigators. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(5):395-404. PubMed [^4]: Pai MP, Lodise TP Jr. Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate pharmacokinetics in obese adults: dose modification for weight is not necessary. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(12):5640-5645. PubMed [^5]: Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(6):e1-e47. PubMed

  • uterine wall infection as result of self induced abortion

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fouks Y, Samueloff O, Levin I, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of empiric antimicrobial regimens in cases of septic/infected abortions. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(6):1123-1128. PubMed [^4]: Harris LH, Grossman D. Complications of unsafe and self-managed abortion. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(11):1029-1040. PubMed [^5]: Pritchard JA, Whalley PJ. Abortion complicated by Clostridium perfringens infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1971;111(4):484-492. PubMed

  • varicella zoster post exposure isolation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lachiewicz AM, Srinivas ML. Varicella-zoster virus post-exposure management and prophylaxis: a review. Prev Med Rep. 2019;16:101016. PubMed [^4]: Newman AM, Jhaveri R. Myths and misconceptions: varicella-zoster virus exposure, infection risks, complications, and treatments. Clin Ther. 2019;41(9):1816-1822. PubMed

  • west nile virus

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fagre AC, Lyons S, Staples JE, et al. West Nile virus and other nationally notifiable arboviral diseases - United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(34):901-906. PubMed [^4]: Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(3):291-322. PubMed [^5]: Petersen LR, Fischer M. Unpredictable and difficult to control—the adolescence of West Nile virus. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(14):1281-1284. PubMed [^6]: Petersen LR. Epidemiology of West Nile virus in the United States: implications for arbovirology and public health. J Med Entomol. 2019;56(6):1456-1462. PubMed

  • air bronchogram on ultrasound differentiates between atelectasis vs pneumonia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lichtenstein D, Mezière G, Seitz J. The dynamic air bronchogram. A lung ultrasound sign of alveolar consolidation ruling out atelectasis. Chest. 2009;135(6):1421-1425. PubMed [^4]: Shah A, Oliva C, Stem C, et al. Application of dynamic air bronchograms on lung ultrasound to diagnose pneumonia in undifferentiated respiratory distress. Respir Med Case Rep. 2022;39:101706. PubMed

  • azygos lobe is normal anatomic variant

    • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires [^4]: Tran CT, Miao KH, Lui F. Anatomy, thorax, lung azygos lobe. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; July 24, 2023. PubMed

  • curtain sign on ultrasound can look similar to lung point

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lichtenstein DA. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care. 2014;4(1):1. PubMed

  • diaphragmatic paradox on ultrasound

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Tuinman PR, Jonkman AH, Dres M, et al. Respiratory muscle ultrasonography: methodology, basic and advanced principles and clinical applications in ICU and ED patients-a narrative review [published online ahead of print January 14, 2020]. Intensive Care Med. doi: 10.1007/s00134-019-05892-8. PubMed

  • lung pulse on ultrasound suggest lack of ventilation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Husain LF, Hagopian L, Wayman D, et al. Sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5(1):76-81. PubMed [^4]: Lichtenstein DA, Lascols N, Prin S, et al. The “lung pulse”: an early ultrasound sign of complete atelectasis. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29(12):2187-2192. PubMed

  • peritoneal point on ultrasound suggests intraperitoneal free air

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hanbidge AE, Lynch D, Wilson SR. US of the peritoneum. Radiographics. 2003;23(3):663-684. PubMed

  • plankton sign and hematocrit sign suggests exudative or hemorrhagic effusion

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Soni NJ, Franco R, Velez MI, et al. Ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of pleural effusions. J Hosp Med. 2015;10(12):811-816. PubMed

  • azithromycin, erm41, and mycobacterium abscessus

  • accelerated idioventricular rhythm AIVR after STEMI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Granrud GA, Vatterott PJ. Arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med. 1991;90(6):85-88, 93-96. PubMed

  • acute mitral regurgitation MR following STEMI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72-e227. PubMed

  • dilated coronary sinus on US can be result of persistent left superior vena cava

  • fix functional MR in heart failure patients with reduced EF

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Namazi F, van der Bijl P, Fortuni F, et al. Regurgitant volume/left ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio: prognostic value in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14(4):730-739. PubMed [^4]: Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al; MITRA-FR Investigators. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2297-2306. PubMed [^5]: Stone GW, Abraham WT, Lindenfeld J, et al; COAPT Investigators. Five-year follow-up after transcatheter repair of secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(22):2037-2048. PubMed [^6]: Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, et al; COAPT Investigators. Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2307-2318. PubMed

  • holosystolic murmur in VSD

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Perloff JK, Marelli AJ. Ventricular septal defect. In: Perloff JK, Marelli AJ, eds. Perloff’s Clinical Recognition of Congenital Heart Disease. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders;2012:283-315.

  • infiltrative cardiomyopathy ultrasound findings

  • pacemaker lead infection

  • post CABG hypotension cardiac causes

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Spodick DH. Pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade. Chest. 1998;113(5):1372-1378. PubMed [^4]: Wallen M, Morrison A, Gillies D, et al. Mediastinal chest drain clearance for cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4):CD003042. PubMed

  • pulmonary embolism readministration of TPA

  • systolic anterior motion SAM mitral valve in sepsis ultrasound and management

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Ghadri JR, Wittstein IS, Prasad A, et al. International expert consensus document on takotsubo syndrome (part II): diagnostic workup, outcome, and management. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(22):2047-2062. PubMed [^4]: Schmidt GA, Koenig S, Mayo PH. Shock: ultrasound to guide diagnosis and therapy. Chest. 2012;142(4):1042-1048. PubMed

  • use alpha pressors for takotsubo cardiomyopathy

  • use cardiac MRI to diagnose myocarditis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Basso C. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(16):1488-1500. PubMed [^4]: Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: expert recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(24):3158-3176. PubMed [^5]: Witberg G, Barda N, Hoss S, et al. Myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination in a large health care organization. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(23):2132-2139. PubMed [^6]: Lasica R, Djukanovic L, Savic L, et al. Update on myocarditis: from etiology and clinical picture to modern diagnostics and methods of treatment. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(19):3073. PubMed

  • use pulmonary artery catheter in heart failure patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fang JC, Ewald GA, Allen LA, et al; Heart Failure Society of America Guidelines Committee. Advanced (stage D) heart failure: a statement from the Heart Failure Society of America Guidelines Committee. J Card Fail. 2015;21(6):519-534. PubMed [^4]: Hollenberg SM, Warner Stevenson L, Ahmad T, et al. 2019 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on risk assessment, management, and clinical trajectory of patients hospitalized with heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(15):1966-2011. PubMed [^5]: Writing Committee, Maddox TM, Januzzi JL Jr, et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for optimization of heart failure treatment: answers to 10 pivotal issues about heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77(6):772-810. PubMed

  • use stress echo in aortic stenosis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: deFilippi CR, Willett DL, Brickner ME, et al. Usefulness of dobutamine echocardiography in distinguishing severe from nonsevere valvular aortic stenosis in patients with depressed left ventricular function and low transvalvular gradients. Am J Cardiol. 1995;75(2):191-194. PubMed

  • ventricular arrythmias following STEMI

  • VTE in pregnancy treatment

  • hypoxia differentiates between LAST and methemoglobinemia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Russo R, et al. Summary of joint European Hematology Association (EHA) and EuroBloodNet recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of methemoglobinemia. Hemasphere. 2021;5(12):e660. PubMed [^4]: Iolascon A, Bianchi P, Andolfo I, et al; SWG of red cell and iron of EHA and EuroBloodNet. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of methemoglobinemia. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(12):1666-1678. PubMed [^5]: Hendry-Hofer TB, Ng PC, Witeof AE, et al. A review on ingested cyanide: risks, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment challenges. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(2):128-133. PubMed

  • use ascorbic acid to treat methemoglobinemia in G6PD deficient patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Jung S, Sayad K, Staitieh BS. Low hemoglobin saturation in the setting of hyperuricemia. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019;16(11):1447-1450. PubMed [^4]: Marinacci LX, Simeone FJ, Lundquist AL, Kuter DJ, Mahowald GK. Case 38-2020: a 52-year-old man with cancer and acute hypoxemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(24):2372-2383. PubMed

  • CABG patients have high false positive for HIT

  • acceptability, usability, repeatability of spirometry qualities

  • difference between asthma, copd, emphysema on PFT

    • [^1]: An Algorithmic Approach to Chronic Dyspnea [^3]: Gelb AF, Yamamoto A, Verbeken EK, et al. Unraveling the pathophysiology of the asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: unsuspected mild centrilobular emphysema is responsible for loss of lung elastic recoil in never smokers with asthma with persistent expiratory airflow limitation. Chest. 2015;148(2):313-320.

  • DLCO can be affected by valsalva maneuver

  • DLCO VA abnormality

  • fixed ratio vs LLN for spirometry

  • GLI equation how did it come about

  • PFT spirometry, DLCO, lung volume orders

  • pulmonary function test changes in pregnancy

  • step up pattern in restrictive lung disease is result of respiratory muscle weakness

  • stroke volume variation to assess fluid responsiveness

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Douglas IS, Alapat PM, Corl KA, et al. Fluid response evaluation in sepsis hypotension and shock: a randomized clinical trial. Chest. 2020;158(4):1431-1445. PubMed [^4]: Furtado S, Reis L. Inferior vena cava evaluation in fluid therapy decision making in intensive care: practical implications. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2019;31(2):240-247. PubMed [^5]: Latham HE, Bengtson CD, Satterwhite L, et al. Stroke volume guided resuscitation in severe sepsis and septic shock improves outcomes. J Crit Care. 2017;42:42-46. PubMed [^6]: Van Regenmortel N, Verbrugghe W, Roelant E, et al. Maintenance fluid therapy and fluid creep impose more significant fluid, sodium, and chloride burdens than resuscitation fluids in critically ill patients: a retrospective study in a tertiary mixed ICU population. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(4):409-417. PubMed

  • biliary leak after cholecystectomy

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Cárdenas A, Chopra S. Chylous ascites. Am J Gastroenterol. 2002;97(8):1896-1900. PubMed [^4]: Runyon BA. Ascitic fluid bilirubin concentration as a key to choleperitoneum. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1987;9(5):543-545. PubMed [^5]: Tinkoff G, Esposito TJ, Reed J, et al. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale I: spleen, liver, and kidney, validation based on the National Trauma Data Bank. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;207(5):646-655. PubMed

  • early enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Jablonska B, Mrowiec S. Nutritional support in patients with severe acute pancreatitis—current standards. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1498. PubMed [^4]: Li JY, Yu T, Chen GC, et al. Enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission improves clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis by reducing complications: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e64926. PubMed [^5]: Mirtallo JM, Forbes A, McClave SA, et al; International Consensus Guideline Committee Pancreatitis Task Force. International consensus guidelines for nutrition therapy in pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012;36(3):284-291. PubMed [^6]: Taylor BE, McClave SA, Martindale RG, et al; Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). Crit Care Med. 2016;44(2):390-438. PubMed

  • hepatic abscess following TACE procedure

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lv WF, Lu D, He YS, et al. Liver abscess formation following transarterial chemoembolization: clinical features, risk factors, bacteria spectrum, and percutaneous catheter drainage. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(17):e3503. PubMed [^4]: Mavilia MG, Molina M, Wu GY. The evolving nature of hepatic abscess: a review. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2016;4(2):158-168. PubMed [^5]: Peng YC, Lin CL, Sung FC. Risk of pyogenic liver abscess and endoscopic sphincterotomy: a population-based cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e018818. PubMed

  • hepatic vein thrombosis or Budd Chiari

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Goel RM, Johnston EL, Patel KV, et al. Budd-Chiari syndrome: investigation, treatment and outcomes. Postgrad Med J. 2015;91(1082):692-697. PubMed [^4]: Northup PG, Garcia-Pagan JC, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. Vascular liver disorders, portal vein thrombosis, and procedural bleeding in patients with liver disease: 2020 practice guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2021;73(1):366-413. PubMed [^5]: Parekh J, Matei VM, Canas-Coto A, et al; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Budd-Chiari syndrome causing acute liver failure: a multicenter case series. Liver Transpl. 2017;23(2):135-142. PubMed [^6]: Simonetto DA, Singal AK, Garcia-Tsao G, et al. ACG clinical guideline: disorders of the hepatic and mesenteric circulation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020;115(1):18-40. PubMed [^7]: Valla DC. Budd-Chiari syndrome/hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction. Hepatol Int. 2018;12(suppl 1):168-180. PubMed

  • Ogilvie syndrome aka colonic pseudoobstruction

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liu JJ, Venkatesh V, Gao J, et al. Efficacy and safety of neostigmine and decompressive colonoscopy for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: a single-center analysis. Gastroenterology Res. 2021;14(3):157-164. PubMed [^4]: Naveed M, Jamil LH, Fujii-Lau LL, et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction and colonic volvulus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;91(2):228-235. PubMed [^5]: Ross SW, Oommen B, Wormer BA, et al. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: defining the epidemiology, treatment, and adverse outcomes of Ogilvie’s syndrome. Am Surg. 2016;82(2):102-111. PubMed [^6]: Vogel JD, Feingold DL, Stewart DB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for colon volvulus and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59(7):589-600. PubMed

  • pseudomonas bacteremia in liver transplant patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liu T, Zhang Y, Wan Q. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among liver transplant recipients. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2345-2356. PubMed [^4]: Parkins MD, Gregson DB, Pitout JD, et al. Population-based study of the epidemiology and the risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection. Infection. 2010;38(1):25-32. PubMed [^5]: Rodrigues FG, Dasilva G, Wexner SD. Neutropenic enterocolitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(1):42-47. PubMed

  • small bowel mesenteric ischemia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Carver TW, Vora RS, Taneja A. Mesenteric ischemia. Crit Care Clin. 2016;32(2):155-171. PubMed [^4]: Cudnik MT, Darbha S, Jones J, et al. The diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(11):1087-1100. PubMed [^5]: Schoots IG, Koffeman GI, Legemate DA, et al. Systematic review of survival after acute mesenteric ischaemia according to disease aetiology. Br J Surg. 2004;91(1):17-27. PubMed [^6]: White CJ. Chronic mesenteric ischemia: diagnosis and management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;54(1):36-40. PubMed

  • use plamasphresis for triglyceride induced pancreatitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gubensek J. The role of apheresis and insulin therapy in hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis-a concise review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):341. PubMed [^4]: Newman CB, Blaha MJ, Boord JB, et al. Lipid management in patients with endocrine disorders: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(12):dgaa674. PubMed

  • Wilson disease

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Roberts EA, Schilsky ML. Current and emerging Issues in Wilson’s disease. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(10):922-938. PubMed [^4]: Schilsky ML, Roberts EA, Bronstein JM, et al. A multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of Wilson disease: 2022 Practice Guidance on Wilson disease from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. Published online December 7, 2022. PubMed

  • LIP histology findings

  • lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP etiologies are typically autoimmune

  • treatment for lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP usually includes immunosuppression

  • acute mercury toxicity

  • aerospace industry is associated with berylliosis

  • hydrogen sulfide is deadly sewer gas

  • metal fume fever

  • example calculation winters formula agma

  • pyroglutamic acidosis aka tylenol toxicity

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liss DB, Paden MS, Schwarz ES, et al. What is the clinical significance of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) in high anion gap metabolic acidosis following paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure? Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013;51(9):817-827. PubMed

  • hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Joosen DA, van de Laar RJ, Koopmans RP, et al. Acute dyspnea caused by hypocalcemia-related laryngospasm. J Emerg Med. 2015;48(1):29-30. PubMed [^4]: Khan MI, Waguespack SG, Hu MI. Medical management of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(suppl 1):18-25. PubMed

  • acute leukemia and hyperkeukocytosis

    • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024 Heme Onc Emergencies [^3]: Bewersdorf JP, Zeidan AM. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute myeloid leukemia: can a better understanding of the underlying molecular pathophysiology lead to novel treatments? Cells. 2020;9(10):2310. PubMed [^4]: Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, et al. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017;10(2):147-154. PubMed [^5]: Porcu P, Cripe LD, Ng EW, et al. Hyperleukocytic leukemias and leukostasis: a review of pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management. Leuk Lymphoma. 2000;39(1-2):1-18. PubMed [^6]: Shallis RM, Stahl M, Bewersdorf JP, et al. Leukocytapheresis for patients with acute myeloid leukemia presenting with hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: a contemporary appraisal of outcomes and benefits. Expert Rev Hematol. 2020;13(5):489-499. PubMed [^7]: Van de Louw A, Desai RJ, Schneider CW, et al. Hypoxemia during extreme hyperleukocytosis: how spurious? Respir Care. 2016;61(1):8-14. PubMed

  • benign vs malignant tracheobronchial tumors

  • fat containing mediastinal masses

  • immunohistochemical lung cancers

  • mediastinal liposarcoma is hetergenous mass with adipose tissues

  • middle mediastinum mass

  • NSCLC overview chemo treatment

  • pediatric pulmonary tumors

  • PFT example of lung cancer causing fixed airway obstruction

  • pleural lipoma are benign nodules

  • pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a type of salivary gland tumor

  • purely ground glass lung nodule

  • risk of lung resection

  • schwannoma with pleural mass

  • second primary vs separate tumor nodule

  • segmentectomy vs lobectomy in stage 1a1 lung cancer

  • solitary fibrous tumor of pleura SFTP is benign mobile pleural tumor

  • stage 3a NSCLC with resection, chemo, and if able check point inhibitor

  • surveillance CT scan after resection of NSCLC

  • treatment of stage 4 NSCLC with solitary mets can be curative intent

  • ADEM acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is post infection autoimmune demyelination syndrome

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Pohl D, Alper G, Van Haren K, et al. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: updates on an inflammatory CNS syndrome. Neurology. 2016;87(9 suppl 2):S38-245. PubMed

  • cerebral amyloid angiopathy in elderly patient with bleed

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kozberg MG, Perosa V, Gurol ME, et al. A practical approach to the management of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Int J Stroke. 2021;16(4):356-369. PubMed

  • closed vs open drainage model in EVD management

  • discontinue DVT ppx prior to lumbar puncture

  • epidural bleed management

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Rivas JJ, Lobato RD, Sarabia R, et al. Extradural hematoma: analysis of factors influencing the courses of 161 patients. Neurosurgery. 1988;23(1):44-51. PubMed

  • evacuate blood in IVH

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Wang D, Liu J, Norton C, et al. Local fibrinolytic therapy for intraventricular hemorrhage: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Neurosurg. 2017;107:1016.e1-1024.e1. PubMed [^4]: Ziai WC, Tuhrim S, Lane K, et al; CLEAR III Investigators. A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III study of Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (CLEAR III). Int J Stroke. 2014;9(4):536-542. PubMed

  • evacuation of IPH has outcome improvement

  • EVD complication includes infection

  • look for rebleed potential in SAH patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Carpenter CR, Hussain AM, Ward MJ, et al. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis describing the diagnostic accuracy of history, physical examination, imaging, and lumbar puncture with an exploration of test thresholds. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(9):963-1003. PubMed [^4]: Cerejo R, John S, Grabowski M, et al. Thoracolumbar arteriovenous malformations presenting with intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage: case series and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2016;88:182-187. PubMed [^5]: van Beijnum J, Straver DC, Rinkel GJ, et al. Spinal arteriovenous shunts presenting as intracranial subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol. 2007;254(8):1044-1051. PubMed

  • MRI after ischemic stroke

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Thomalla G, Simonsen CZ, Boutitie F, et al; WAKE-UP Investigators. MRI-guided thrombolysis for stroke with unknown time of onset. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(7):611-622. PubMed

  • organ donation after circulatory death

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Iltis AS, Cherry MJ. Death revisited: rethinking death and the dead donor rule. J Med Philos. 2010;35(3):223-241. PubMed [^4]: Wind J, Snoeijs MG, Brugman CA, et al. Prediction of time of death after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in potential donors after cardiac death*. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(3):766-769. PubMed

  • patients in coma can respond to external questions

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Edlow BL, Chatelle C, Spencer CA, et al. Early detection of consciousness in patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2017;140(9):2399-2414. PubMed [^4]: Goldman S, Schiff ND. Functional imaging to uncover willful brain behavior in noncommunicative patients. Neurology. 2015;84(2):114-115. PubMed

  • status epilepticus first and second line management

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Guterman EL, Sanford JK, Betjemann JP, et al. Prehospital midazolam use and outcomes among patients with out-of-hospital status epilepticus. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3203-e3212. PubMed [^4]: Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, et al; NETT and PECARN Investigators. Randomized trial of three anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(22):2103-2113. PubMed [^5]: Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(12):792-798. PubMed [^6]: Betjemann JP, Lowenstein DH. Status epilepticus in adults. Lancet Neurol. 2015;14(6):615-624. PubMed [^7]: Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, et al; NETT and PECARN Investigators. Randomized trial of three anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(22):2103-2113. PubMed

  • subdural hematoma management

  • toxic leukoencephalopathy

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Cortese I, Reich DS, Nath A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021;17(1):37-51. PubMed [^4]: Keogh CF, Andrews GT, Spacey SD, et al. Neuroimaging features of heroin inhalation toxicity: “chasing the dragon.” AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;180(3):847-850. PubMed

  • treat hemorrhagic stroke conversion with cryoprecipitate

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Matosevic B, Knoflach M, Werner P, et al. Fibrinogen degradation coagulopathy and bleeding complications after stroke thrombolysis. Neurology. 2013;80(13):1216-1224. PubMed [^4]: Yaghi S, Willey JZ, Cucchiara B, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Treatment and outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48(12):e343-e361. PubMed

  • treat large vessel occlusion with endovascular thrombectomy

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Yoshimura S, Sakai N, Yamagami H, et al. Endovascular therapy for acute stroke with a large ischemic region. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(14):1303-1313. PubMed [^4]: Albers GW, Marks MP, Kemp S, et al; DEFUSE 3 Investigators. Thrombectomy for stroke at 6 to 16 hours with selection by perfusion imaging. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(8):708-718. PubMed [^5]: Goyal M, Menon BK, van Zwam WH, et al; HERMES collaborators. Endovascular thrombectomy after large-vessel ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from five randomised trials. Lancet. 2016;387(10029):1723-1731. PubMed [^6]: Nogueira RG, Jadhav AP, Haussen DC, et al; DAWN Trial Investigators. Thrombectomy 6 to 24 hours after stroke with a mismatch between deficit and infarct. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(1):11-21. PubMed [^7]: Teleb MS, Ver Hage A, Carter J, et al. Stroke vision, aphasia, neglect (VAN) assessment-a novel emergent large vessel occlusion screening tool: pilot study and comparison with current clinical severity indices. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017;9(2):122-126. PubMed [^8]: Vidale S, Arnaboldi M, Frangi L, et al. The large artery intracranial occlusion stroke scale: a new tool with high accuracy in predicting large vessel occlusion. Front Neurol. 2019;10:130. PubMed

  • red meat allergy

  • adding inspiratory hold to improve double triggering

  • calculating driving pressure in pressure support mode

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: MacIntyre NR. Respiratory system mechanics. In: MacIntyre NR, Branson RD, eds. Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2008:159-170. [^4]: Marini JJ, Rodriguez M, Lamb V. Bedside estimation of the inspiratory dynamics relevant to mechanical ventilation. Chest. 1986;89:56-62. [^5]: Truwit JD, Marini JJ. Evaluation of thoracic mechanics in the ventilated patient. J Crit Care. 1988;3:133-150;192-213.

  • delayed cycling caused by low trigger and high inspiratory time

  • flow desynchrony can happen with air hunger

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gilstrap D, MacIntyre N. Patient-ventilator interactions: implications for clinical management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(9):1058-1068. PubMed [^4]: Rodriguez PO, Tiribelli N, Fredes S, et al; Grupo Argentino de Estudio de Asincronías en la Ventilación Mecánica Study Group. Prevalence of reverse triggering in early ARDS: results from a multicenter observational study. Chest. 2021;159(1):186-195. PubMed

  • leaks on a ventilator

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: MacIntyre NR. Respiratory system mechanics. In: MacIntyre NR, Branson RD, eds. Mechanical Ventilation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2008:159-170. [^4]: Marini JJ, Rodriguez M, Lamb V. Bedside estimation of the inspiratory dynamics relevant to mechanical ventilation. Chest. 1986;89:56-62. [^5]: Truwit JD, Marini JJ. Evaluation of thoracic mechanics in the ventilated patient. J Crit Care. 1988;3:133-150;192-213.

  • mechanical power and VILI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Cressoni M, Gotti M, Chiurazzi C, et al. Mechanical power and development of ventilator-induced lung injury. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(5):1100-1108. [^4]: Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Energetics and the root cause for ventilator-induced lung injury. Anesthesiology. 2018;128(6):1062-1064. [^5]: Marini JJ, Rocco PRM, Gattinoni L. Static and dynamic contributors to ventilator-induced lung injury in clinical practice. Pressure, energy, and power. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(7):767-774. [^6]: Serpa Neto A, Deliberato RO, Johnson AEW, et al. Mechanical power of ventilation is associated with mortality in critically ill patients: an analysis of patients in two observational cohorts. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(11):1914-1922.

  • static and dynamic compliance

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mauri T, Lazzeri M, Bellani G, et al. Respiratory mechanics to understand ARDS and guide mechanical ventilation. Physiol Meas. 2017;38(12):R280-R303. PubMed [^4]: Shapiro MB, Bartlett RH. Pulmonary compliance and mechanical ventilation. Arch Surg. 1992;127(4):485-486. PubMed [^5]: Walter JM, Corbridge TC, Singer BD. Invasive mechanical ventilation. South Med J. 2018;111(12):746-753. PubMed [^6]: Formenti P, Graf J, Santos A, et al. Non-pulmonary factors strongly influence the stress index. Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(4):594-600. PubMed [^7]: Gertler R. Respiratory mechanics. Anesthesiol Clin. 2021;39(3):415-440. PubMed [^8]: Grasso S, Stripoli T, De Michele M, et al. ARDSnet ventilatory protocol and alveolar hyperinflation: role of positive end-expiratory pressure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;176(8):761-767. PubMed [^9]: Hamahata NT, Sato R, Daoud EG. Go with the flow: clinical importance of flow curves during mechanical ventilation: a narrative review. Can J Respir Ther. 2020;56:11-20. PubMed

  • calculating pulmonary vascular resistance

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Widrich J, Shetty M. Physiology, pulmonary vascular resistance. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. 2021. PubMed

  • pulmonary artery catheter dos and donts

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bootsma IT, Boerma EC, de Lange F, et al. The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 1: placement and waveform analysis. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36(1):5-15. PubMed [^4]: Bootsma IT, Boerma EC, Scheeren TWL, et al. The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 2: measurements, limitations, and clinical applications. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36(1):17-31. PubMed [^5]: Lee M, Curley GF, Mustard M, et al. The Swan-Ganz catheter remains a critically important component of monitoring in cardiovascular critical care. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(1):142-147. PubMed [^6]: Magder S. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Crit Care Clin. 2015;31(1):67-87. PubMed

  • pulmonary artery catheter evidence and data

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Garan AR, Kanwar M, Thayer KL, et al. Complete hemodynamic profiling with pulmonary artery catheters in cardiogenic shock is associated with lower in-hospital mortality. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(11):903-913. PubMed [^4]: Kanwar MK, Blumer V, Zhang Y, et al. Pulmonary artery catheter use and risk of in-hospital death in heart failure cardiogenic shock. J Card Fail. 2023;29(9):1234-1244. PubMed [^5]: Lee J, Lee JB, Kim AR, et al. Effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheter monitoring for patients with cardiogenic shock of various causes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2023;15(3):1115-1123. PubMed [^6]: Low CJW, Ling RR, Lau MPXL, et al. Mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity score-matched studies. Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(2):209-221. PubMed [^7]: Ranka S, Mastoris I, Kapur NK, et al. Right heart catheterization in cardiogenic shock is associated with improved outcomes: insights from the Nationwide Readmissions Database. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(17):e019843. PubMed

  • treat blastomycosis with amphotericin followed by itraconazole

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al; American Thoracic Society Fungal Working Group. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(1):96-128. PubMed

  • aggressive BP treatment in chronic hypertension inpatient can be harmful

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fagernæs CF, Heuch I, Zwart JA, et al. Blood pressure as a risk factor for headache and migraine: a prospective population-based study. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22(1):156-e11. PubMed [^4]: Gus M, Fuchs FD, Pimentel M, et al. Behavior of ambulatory blood pressure surrounding episodes of headache in mildly hypertensive patients. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(2):252-255. PubMed [^5]: Rastogi R, Sheehan MM, Hu B, et al. Treatment and outcomes of inpatient hypertension among adults with noncardiac admissions. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(3):345-352. PubMed

  • value based decision making

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kon AA, Davidson JE, Morrison W, et al; American College of Critical Care Medicine; American Thoracic Society. Shared decision making in ICUs: an American College of Critical Care Medicine and American Thoracic Society Policy Statement. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(1):188-201. PubMed [^4]: Madrigal VN, Carroll KW, Hexem KR, et al. Parental decision-making preferences in the pediatric intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(10):2876-2882. PubMed

  • HLH associated with malignancy

    • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024 Heme Onc Emergencies [^3]: Debaugnies F, Mahadeb B, Ferster A, et al. Performances of the H-score for diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adult and pediatric patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 2016;145(6):862-870. PubMed [^4]: Fardet L, Galicier L, Lambotte O, et al. Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(9):2613-2620. PubMed [^5]: Hayden A, Park S, Giustini D, et al. Hemophagocytic syndromes (HPSs) including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults: a systematic scoping review. Blood Rev. 2016;30(6):411-420. PubMed [^6]: Henter JI, Horne A, Aricó M, et al. HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(2):124-131. PubMed [^7]: Lehmberg K, Ehl S. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2013;160(3):275-287. PubMed [^8]: Machowicz R, Janka G, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W. Similar but not the same: differential diagnosis of HLH and sepsis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;114:1-12. PubMed

  • do not use gastric residual for enteral feeding

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: McClave SA, Taylor BE, Martindale RG, et al; Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016;40(2):159-211. PubMed [^4]: Metheny NA, Stewart BJ, Mills AC. Blind insertion of feeding tubes in intensive care units: a national survey. Am J Crit Care. 2012;21(5):352-360. PubMed [^5]: Montejo JC, Miñambres E, Bordejé L, et al. Gastric residual volume during enteral nutrition in ICU patients: the REGANE study. Intensive Care Med. 2010;36(8):1386-1393. PubMed [^6]: Reignier J, Mercier E, Le Gouge A, et al; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) Group. Effect of not monitoring residual gastric volume on risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults receiving mechanical ventilation and early enteral feeding: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013;309(3):249-256. PubMed

  • use trophic feeds in intubated ARDS patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Reignier J, Boisramé-Helms J, Brisard L, et al; NUTRIREA-2 Trial Investigators; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) group. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2). Lancet. 2018;391(10116):133-143. PubMed [^4]: Reignier J, Mercier E, Le Gouge A, et al; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) Group. Effect of not monitoring residual gastric volume on risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults receiving mechanical ventilation and early enteral feeding: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013;309(3):249-256. PubMed [^5]: TARGET Investigators, for the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group; Chapman M, Peake SL, Bellomo R, et al. Energy-dense versus routine enteral nutrition in the critically ill. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(19):1823-1834. PubMed

  • thymoma can have drop metastases to pleura

  • thymoma paraneoplastic syndrome includes myasthenia gravis

  • beta agonist usage can lead to lactic acidosis in asthma

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Haffner CA, Kendall MJ. Metabolic effects of beta 2-agonists. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1992;17(3):155-164. PubMed [^4]: Nowadly CD, Liao SY, Rose JS. Effects of continuous albuterol inhalation on serum metabolome in healthy subjects: more than just lactic acid. J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;61(5):649-655. PubMed

  • metformin associated lactic acidosis MALA

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Di Magno L, Di Pastena F, Bordone R, Coni S, Canettieri G. The mechanism of action of biguanides: new answers to a complex question. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):3220. PubMed [^4]: van Berlo-van de Laar IRF, Gedik A, van ‘t Riet E, de Meijer A, Taxis K, Jansman FGA. Identifying patients with metformin associated lactic acidosis in the emergency department. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42(5):1286-1292. PubMed [^5]: Calello DP, Liu KD, Wiegand TJ, et al; Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning Workgroup. Extracorporeal treatment for metformin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning Workgroup. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(8):1716-1730. PubMed [^6]: Fenves AZ, Kirkpatrick HM 3rd, Patel VV, et al. Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis as a result of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid): a role for acetaminophen. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1(3):441-447. PubMed

  • short bowel syndrome can cause D lactic acidosis

  • avoid voriconazole with cyp inducers

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(6):408-415. PubMed [^4]: Li TY, Liu W, Chen K, et al. The influence of combination use of CYP450 inducers on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole: a systematic review. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2017;42(2):135-146. PubMed [^5]: Luong ML, Al-Dabbagh M, Groll AH, et al. Utility of voriconazole therapeutic drug monitoring: a meta-analysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016;71(7):1786-1799. PubMed [^6]: Zonios D, Yamazaki H, Murayama N, et al. Voriconazole metabolism, toxicity, and the effect of cytochrome P450 2C19 genotype. J Infect Dis. 2014;209(12):1941-1948. PubMed

  • cannabinoids can increase INR with coumadin because of CYP inhibition

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Wang M, Zeraatkar D, Obeda M, et al. Drug-drug interactions with warfarin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87(11):4051-4100. PubMed

  • very high WBC can cause false hypoxemia leukocyte larceny

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fox MJ, Brody JS, Weintraub LR. Leukocyte larceny: a cause of spurious hypoxemia. Am J Med. 1979;67(5):742-746. PubMed [^4]: Van de Louw A, Desai RJ, Schneider CW, et al. Hypoxemia during extreme hyperleukocytosis: how spurious? Respir Care. 2016;61(1):8-14. PubMed

  • avacopan is a c5a receptor inhibitor used to treat ANCA vasculitis

  • latex allergy can happen with foley catheter

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Pitlick MM, Volcheck GW. Perioperative anaphylaxis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2022;42(1):145-159. PubMed [^4]: Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, et al. Anaphylaxis—a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(4):1082-1123. PubMed [^5]: Sicherer SH, Simons FER; Section on Allergy and Immunology. Epinephrine for first-aid management of anaphylaxis. Pediatrics. 2017;139(3):e20164006. PubMed [^6]: Wolf BL. Anaphylactic reaction to latex gloves. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(4):279-280. PubMed

  • use icatibant for hereditary angioedema

  • early diastolic transmitral flow on apical four chamber view

  • sarcoidosis and transplant

  • buprenorphine needs dose adjustment in liver dysfunction but not in renal dysfunction

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Erstad BL, Glenn MJ. Management of critically ill patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder. Chest. 2024;165(2):356-367. PubMed [^4]: Smith K, Wang M, Abdukalikov R, et al. Pain management considerations in patients with opioid use disorder requiring critical care. J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;62(4):449-462. PubMed [^5]: The ASAM national practice guideline for the treatment of opioid use disorder: 2020 focused update. J Addict Med. 2020;14(2S suppl 1):1-91. PubMed

  • methadone mechanism and uses

  • post lung transplant infections

  • post transplant pneumomediastinum can be from anastamotic dehiscence

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Crespo MM, McCarthy DP, Hopkins PM, et al. ISHLT consensus statement on adult and pediatric airway complications after lung transplantation: definitions, grading system, and therapeutics. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018;37(5):548-563. PubMed [^4]: Machuzak M, Santacruz JF, Gildea T, et al. Airway complications after lung transplantation. Thorac Surg Clin. 2015;25(1):55-75. PubMed [^5]: Mughal MM, Gildea TR, Murthy S, et al. Short-term deployment of self-expanding metallic stents facilitates healing of bronchial dehiscence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(6):768-771. PubMed [^6]: Santacruz JF, Mehta AC. Airway complications and management after lung transplantation: ischemia, dehiscence, and stenosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009;6(1):79-93. PubMed

  • primary graft dysfunction PGD differential diagnosis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Diamond JM, Arcasoy S, Kennedy CC, et al. Report of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part II: epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1104-1113. PubMed [^4]: Harano T, Ryan JP, Morrell MR, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. ASAIO J. 2021;67(9):1071-1078. PubMed [^5]: Natalini JG, Clausen ES. Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient. Clin Chest Med. 2023;44(1):105-119. PubMed [^6]: Natalini JG, Diamond JM. Primary graft dysfunction. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;42(3):368-379. PubMed [^7]: Snell GI, Yusen RD, Weill D, et al. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1097-1103. PubMed

  • primary graft dysfunction PGD is acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema from reperfusion injury

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Diamond JM, Arcasoy S, Kennedy CC, et al. Report of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part II: epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1104-1113. PubMed [^4]: Harano T, Ryan JP, Morrell MR, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. ASAIO J. 2021;67(9):1071-1078. PubMed [^5]: Natalini JG, Clausen ES. Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient. Clin Chest Med. 2023;44(1):105-119. PubMed [^6]: Natalini JG, Diamond JM. Primary graft dysfunction. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;42(3):368-379. PubMed [^7]: Snell GI, Yusen RD, Weill D, et al. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1097-1103. PubMed

  • primary graft dysfunction PGD risk factors

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Diamond JM, Arcasoy S, Kennedy CC, et al. Report of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part II: epidemiology, risk factors, and outcomes-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1104-1113. PubMed [^4]: Harano T, Ryan JP, Morrell MR, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for primary graft dysfunction after lung transplantation. ASAIO J. 2021;67(9):1071-1078. PubMed [^5]: Natalini JG, Clausen ES. Critical care management of the lung transplant recipient. Clin Chest Med. 2023;44(1):105-119. PubMed [^6]: Natalini JG, Diamond JM. Primary graft dysfunction. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;42(3):368-379. PubMed [^7]: Snell GI, Yusen RD, Weill D, et al. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-a 2016 Consensus Group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1097-1103. PubMed

  • pulmonary vein thrombosis following lung transplant

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Denton EJ, Rischin A, McGiffin D, et al. Refractory pulmonary edema caused by late pulmonary vein thrombosis after lung transplantation: a rare adverse event. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102(3):e197-e199. PubMed [^4]: González-Fernández C, González-Castro A, Rodríguez-Borregán JC, et al. Pulmonary venous obstruction after lung transplantation. Diagnostic advantages of transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Transplant. 2009;23(6):975-980. PubMed [^5]: Schulman LL, Anandarangam T, Leibowitz DW, et al. Four-year prospective study of pulmonary venous thrombosis after lung transplantation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2001;14(8):806-812. PubMed [^6]: Shah AS, Michler RE, Downey RJ, et al. Management strategies for pulmonary vein thrombosis following single lung transplantation. J Card Surg. 1995;10(2):169-178. PubMed [^7]: Snell GI, Yusen RD, Weill D, et al. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-a 2016 consensus group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1097-1103. PubMed [^8]: Uhlmann EJ, Dunitz JM, Fiol ME. Pulmonary vein thrombosis after lung transplantation presenting as stroke. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28(2):209-210. PubMed

  • disseminated histoplasmosis leads to sepsis, pancytopenia, adrenal insufficiency, and lymphadenopathy

  • treat moderate to severe histoplasma with amphotericin B and itraconazole

  • pulmonary vasodilators can worsen group 2 PH

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Konstam MA, Kiernan MS, Bernstein D, et al; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; and Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia. Evaluation and management of right-sided heart failure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2018;137(20):e578-e622. PubMed [^4]: Loh E, Stamler JS, Hare JM, et al. Cardiovascular effects of inhaled nitric oxide in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 1994;90(6):2780-2785. PubMed [^5]: Nathan SD, Behr J, Collard HR, et al. Riociguat for idiopathic interstitial pneumonia-associated pulmonary hypertension (RISE-IIP): a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b study. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(9):780-790. PubMed [^6]: Raghu G, Nathan SD, Behr J, et al. Pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with mild-to-moderate restriction. Eur Respir J. 2015;46(5):1370-1377. PubMed [^7]: Singh N, Dorfmüller P, Shlobin OA, et al. Group 3 pulmonary hypertension: from bench to bedside. Circ Res. 2022;130(9):1404-1422. PubMed [^8]: Waxman A, Restrepo-Jaramillo R, Thenappan T, et al. Inhaled treprostinil in pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(4):325-334. PubMed

  • right heat cath RHC can be used for vasoreactivity testing during pulmonary hypertension workup

  • sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension

  • use endothelin antagonist to treat pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell patients

  • moderator band in RV on ultrasound

  • acute liver failure when to refer to transplant

    • [^1]: CHEST Board Review Critical Care? [^3]: China L, Freemantle N, Forrest E, et al; ATTIRE Trial Investigators. A randomized trial of albumin infusions in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(9):808-817. PubMed [^4]: García Martínez JJ, Bendjelid K. Artificial liver support systems: what is new over the last decade? Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):109. PubMed [^5]: Hu W, Chen H, Ma C, et al. Identification of indications for albumin administration in septic patients with liver cirrhosis. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):300. PubMed [^6]: Shingina A, Mukhtar N, Wakim-Fleming J, et al. Acute liver failure guidelines. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(7):1128-1153. PubMed [^7]: Vasques F, Cavazza A, Bernal W. Acute liver failure. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2022;28(2):198-207. PubMed

  • hyponatremia associated with medication and RTA

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Norman NE, Sneed AM, Brown C, et al. Heparin-induced hyponatremia. Ann Pharmacother. 2004;38(3):404-407. PubMed [^4]: Oster JR, Singer I, Fishman LM. Heparin-induced aldosterone suppression and hyperkalemia. Am J Med. 1995;98(6):575-586. PubMed [^5]: Wilcox CS. Antihypertensive and renal mechanisms of SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked transporter 2) inhibitors. Hypertension. 2020;75(4):894-901. PubMed

  • LAM can have normal PFT until late in disease

  • treat LAM disease with sirolimus

  • mottling of skin with bullae can be sign of necrotizing infection

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Wong CH, Khin LW, Heng KS, et al. The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections. Crit Care Med. 2004;32(7):1535-1541. PubMed

  • necrotizing infections from vibrio

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Diab J, Bannan A, Pollitt T. Necrotising fasciitis. BMJ. 2020;369:m1428. PubMed [^4]: Leng F, Lin S, Wu W, et al. Epidemiology, pathogenetic mechanism, clinical characteristics, and treatment of Vibrio vulnificus infection: a case report and literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38(11):1999-2004. PubMed

  • strep toxic shock syndrome can start from cellulitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Brown KA, Khanafer N, Daneman N, et al. Meta-analysis of antibiotics and the risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(5):2326-2332. PubMed [^4]: Cortés-Penfield N, Ryder JH. Should linezolid replace clindamycin as the adjunctive antimicrobial of choice in group A streptococcal necrotizing soft tissue infection and toxic shock syndrome? A focused debate. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(2):346-350. PubMed [^5]: Heil EL, Kaur H, Atalla A, et al. Comparison of adjuvant clindamycin vs linezolid for severe invasive group A Streptococcus skin and soft tissue infections. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10(12):ofad588. PubMed [^6]: White BP, Siegrist EA. Increasing clindamycin resistance in group A streptococcus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(9):1208-1209. PubMed

  • toxic shock syndrome from nasal packing

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Spaulding AR, Salgado-Pabón W, Kohler PL, et al. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen exotoxins. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(3):422-447. PubMed

  • birt hogg dube syndrome

  • light chain deposition disease LCDD

  • primary, secondary, tertiary prevention

  • six sigma and lean

  • pulmonary langerhans PLCH etiology, patient population

  • pulmonary langerhans PLCH has S100 and CD1a positive staining

  • pulmonary langerhans PLCH symptoms, PFT, CT finding

  • pulmonary langerhans PLCH treatment

  • most common complication of HRS treatment includes respiratory failure

  • early RRT in ICU increases risk of CLABSI

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, et al; AKIKI Study Group. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2):122-133. PubMed [^4]: Kellum JA, Romagnani P, Ashuntantang G, et al. Acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):52. PubMed [^5]: STARRT-AKI Investigators; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group; et al. Timing of initiation of renal-replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(3):240-251. PubMed

  • lupus with DAH

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Medlin JL, Hansen KE, McCoy SS, et al. Pulmonary manifestations in late versus early systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018;48(2):198-204. PubMed [^4]: Park JA. Treatment of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage: controlling inflammation and obtaining rapid and effective hemostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):793. PubMed

  • think WPW in afib with wide QRS

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Redfearn DP, Krahn AD, Skanes AC, et al. Use of medications in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005;6(6):955-963. PubMed [^4]: Wolff L, Parkinson J, White PD. Bundle-branch block with short P-R interval in healthy young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia. 1930. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2006;11(4):340-353. PubMed [^5]: Glatter KA, Dorostkar PC, Yang Y, et al. Electrophysiological effects of ibutilide in patients with accessory pathways. Circulation. 2001;104(16):1933-1939. PubMed [^6]: January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al; ACC/AHA Task Force Members. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014;130(23):2071-2104. PubMed [^7]: Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al; Evidence Review Committee Chair. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2016;133(14):e506-e574. PubMed

  • use double sequential external defib in persistent vfib arrest

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kudenchuk PJ, Brown SP, Daya M, et al; Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium Investigators. Amiodarone, lidocaine, or placebo in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(18):1711-1722. PubMed [^4]: Sanfilippo F, Corredor C, Santonocito C, et al. Amiodarone or lidocaine for cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Resuscitation. 2016;107:31-37. PubMed [^5]: Wang Q, Lin Z, Chen H, et al. Comparison the efficacy of amiodarone and lidocaine for cardiac arrest: a network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(15):e33195. PubMed

  • use propranolol for refractory VT

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Eifling M, Razavi M, Massumi A. The evaluation and management of electrical storm. Tex Heart Inst J. 2011;38(2):111-121. PubMed [^4]: Nademanee K, Taylor R, Bailey WE, Rieders DE, Kosar EM. Treating electrical storm : sympathetic blockade versus advanced cardiac life support-guided therapy. Circulation. 2000;102(7):742-747. PubMed

  • WPW is ventricular preexcitation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Page RL, Joglar JA, Caldwell MA, et al; Evidence Review Committee Chair. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS guideline for the management of adult patients with supraventricular tachycardia: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2016;133(14):e506-e574. PubMed

  • APRV autopeep problem

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lalgudi Ganesan S, Jayashree M, Chandra Singhi S, Bansal A. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1199-1207. PubMed [^4]: Neumann P, Golisch W, Strohmeyer A, Buscher H, Burchardi H, Sydow M. Influence of different release times on spontaneous breathing pattern during airway pressure release ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(12):1742-1749. PubMed [^5]: Othman F, Alsagami N, Alharbi R, Almuammer Y, Alshahrani S, Ismaeil T. The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med. 2021;16(3):245-252. PubMed [^6]: Rose L, Hawkins M. Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure: a systematic review of definitional criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(10):1766-1773. PubMed [^7]: Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y, et al. Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(11):1648-1659. PubMed

  • APRV has less sedation and paralysis

  • APRV outcomes

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lalgudi Ganesan S, Jayashree M, Chandra Singhi S, Bansal A. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1199-1207. PubMed [^4]: Neumann P, Golisch W, Strohmeyer A, Buscher H, Burchardi H, Sydow M. Influence of different release times on spontaneous breathing pattern during airway pressure release ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(12):1742-1749. PubMed [^5]: Othman F, Alsagami N, Alharbi R, Almuammer Y, Alshahrani S, Ismaeil T. The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med. 2021;16(3):245-252. PubMed [^6]: Rose L, Hawkins M. Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure: a systematic review of definitional criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(10):1766-1773. PubMed [^7]: Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y, et al. Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(11):1648-1659. PubMed

  • APRV settings

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lalgudi Ganesan S, Jayashree M, Chandra Singhi S, Bansal A. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1199-1207. PubMed [^4]: Neumann P, Golisch W, Strohmeyer A, Buscher H, Burchardi H, Sydow M. Influence of different release times on spontaneous breathing pattern during airway pressure release ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(12):1742-1749. PubMed [^5]: Othman F, Alsagami N, Alharbi R, Almuammer Y, Alshahrani S, Ismaeil T. The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med. 2021;16(3):245-252. PubMed [^6]: Rose L, Hawkins M. Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure: a systematic review of definitional criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(10):1766-1773. PubMed [^7]: Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y, et al. Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(11):1648-1659. PubMed>)

  • change ECMO circuit flow rate to help with hemolysis or clotting

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed [^4]: Williams DC, Turi JL, Hornik CP, et al. Circuit oxygenator contributes to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-induced hemolysis. ASAIO J. 2015;61(2):190-195. PubMed

  • chattering in ecmo circuit from vessel collapse

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Staudacher DL, Bode C, Wengenmayer T. Fluid therapy remains an important cornerstone in the prevention of progressive chugging in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Heart Lung. 2018;47(4):432. PubMed [^4]:Walter JM, Kurihara C, Corbridge TC, et al. Chugging in patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an under-recognized driver of intravenous fluid administration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome? Heart Lung. 2018;47(4):398-400. PubMed

  • ECMO has no effect on survival benefit in shock patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Thiele H, Zeymer U, Akin I, et al; ECLS-SHOCK Investigators. Extracorporeal life support in infarct-related cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(14):1286-1297. PubMed

  • ECMO oxygenator not working or not connected

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Abrams D, Brodie D. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult respiratory failure: 2017 update. Chest. 2017;152(3):639-649. PubMed [^4]: Messai E, Bouguerra A, Guarracino F, et al. Low blood arterial oxygenation during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: proposal for a rational algorithm-based management. J Intensive Care Med. 2016;31(8):553-560. PubMed [^5]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed

  • ECMO recirculation happens when there is less than 10 cm distance

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed [^4]: Zakhary B, Vercaemst L, Mason P, et al. How I approach membrane lung dysfunction in patients receiving ECMO. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):671. PubMed [^5]: Abrams D, Bacchetta M, Brodie D. Recirculation in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ASAIO J. 2015;61(2):115-121. PubMed

  • increased delta P is sign of increased clotting on ECMO

    • [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires [^5]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed [^6]: Zakhary B, Vercaemst L, Mason P, et al. How I approach membrane lung dysfunction in patients receiving ECMO. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):671. PubMed

  • LV overdistension in ECMO

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Rihal CS, Naidu SS, Givertz MM, et al. 2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS clinical expert consensus statement on the use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiovascular care: endorsed by the American Heart Assocation, the Cardiological Society of India, and Sociedad Latino Americana de Cardiologia Intervencion; Affirmation of Value by the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology-Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d’intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(19):e7-e26. PubMed

  • use low TV and FiO2 on ventilator for ECMO patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Combes A, Hajage D, Capellier G, et al; EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(21):1965-1975. PubMed [^4]: Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(22):2126-2136. PubMed [^5]: Zapol WM, Snider MT, Hill JD, et al; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure. A randomized prospective study. JAMA. 1979;242(20):2193-2196. PubMed

  • use mixed venous oxygen to guide blood transfusion in ECMO

  • use morphine instead of fentanyl for ECMO sedation

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dzierba AL, Abrams D, Brodie D. Medicating patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the evidence is building. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):66. PubMed [^4]: Lemaitre F, Hasni N, Leprince P, et al. Propofol, midazolam, vancomycin and cyclosporine therapeutic drug monitoring in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits primed with whole human blood. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):40. PubMed [^5]: Shekar K, Roberts JA, Mcdonald CI, et al. Sequestration of drugs in the circuit may lead to therapeutic failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care. 2012;16(5):R194. PubMed [^6]: Wagner D, Pasko D, Phillips K, Waldvogel J, Annich G. In vitro clearance of dexmedetomidine in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion. 2013;28(1):40-46. PubMed

  • use VA ECMO for VF VT arrest patients

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Suverein MM, Delnoij TSR, Lorusso R, et al. Early extracorporeal CPR for refractory out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(4):299-309. PubMed [^4]: Yannopoulos D, Bartos J, Raveendran G, et al. Advanced reperfusion strategies for patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and refractory ventricular fibrillation (ARREST): a phase 2, single centre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10265):1807-1816. PubMed

  • TXA did not benefit CABG patients

  • TXA tranexamic acid reduced mortality in postpartum bleed

  • galactomannan test

  • constrictive pericarditis vs restrictive cardiomyopathy

  • tamponade physical exam and EKG findings

  • tamponade ultrasound findings

  • remdesivir in Covid treatment

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Goldman JD, Lye DCB, Hui DS, et al; GS-US-540-5773 Investigators. Remdesivir for 5 or 10 days in patients with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(19):1827-1837. PubMed [^4]: Gottlieb RL, Vaca CE, Paredes R, et al; GS-US-540-9012 (PINETREE) Investigators. Early remdesivir to prevent progression to severe Covid-19 in outpatients. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(4):305-315. PubMed

  • tocilizumab for Covid

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: RECOVERY Collaborative Group. Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10285):1637-1645. PubMed [^4]: REMAP-CAP Investigators; ACTIV-4a Investigators; ATTACC Investigators; Goligher EC, Bradbury CA, McVerry BJ, et al. Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in critically ill patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(9):777-789. PubMed [^5]: REMAP-CAP Investigators; Gordon AC, Mouncey PR, Al-Beidh F, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor antagonists in critically ill patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(16):1491-1502. PubMed [^6]: WHO Solidarity Trial Consortium; Pan H, Peto R, Henao-Restrepo AM, et al. Repurposed antiviral drugs for Covid-19—interim WHO solidarity trial results. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(6):497-511. PubMed

  • APML and differentiation syndrome aka retinoic acid syndrome

    • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024 Heme Onc Emergencies [^3]: Lo-Coco F, Avvisati G, Vignetti M, et al; Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell’Adulto; German-Austrian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Study Group; Study Alliance Leukemia. Retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide for acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(2):111-121. PubMed [^4]: Sanz MA, Montesinos P. How we prevent and treat differentiation syndrome in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood. 2014;123(18):2777-2782. PubMed [^5]: Stahl M, Tallman MS. Differentiation syndrome in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2019;187(2):157-162. PubMed [^6]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • CAR-T and ICANS immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Karschnia P, Jordan JT, Forst DA, et al. Clinical presentation, management, and biomarkers of neurotoxicity after adoptive immunotherapy with CAR T cells. Blood. 2019;133(20):2212-2221. PubMed [^4]: Lee DW, Santomasso BD, Locke FL, et al. ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25(4):625-638. PubMed [^5]: Rubin DB, Al Jarrah A, Li K, et al. Clinical predictors of neurotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(12):1536-1542. PubMed [^6]: Rubin DB, Danish HH, Ali AB, et al. Neurological toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Brain. 2019;142(5):1334-1348. PubMed

  • prevention of recurrent VTE in cancer patients

  • warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia management

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Brodsky RA. Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):647-654. PubMed [^4]: Ness PM. How do I encourage clinicians to transfuse mismatched blood to patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in urgent situations? Transfusion. 2006;46(11):1859-1862. PubMed [^5]: Petz LD. A physician’s guide to transfusion in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2004;124(6):712-716. PubMed [^6]: Salama A, Berghöfer H, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Red blood cell transfusion in warm-type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Lancet. 1992;340(8834-8835):1515-1517. PubMed [^7]: Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, et al. Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA. 1998;279(3):217-221. PubMed

  • check point inhibitor hypophysitis

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(2):158-168. PubMed [^4]: Rosner MH, Dalkin AC. Electrolyte disorders associated with cancer. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014;21(1):7-17. PubMed [^5]: Snyders T, Chakos D, Swami U, et al. Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis, a single academic center experience. Pituitary. 2019;22(5):488-496. PubMed

  • check point inhibitor myocarditis can present as acute heart failure

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mahmood SS, Fradley MG, Cohen JV, et al. Myocarditis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(16):1755-1764. PubMed

  • complications of guidewire insertion in central line placement

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lee JM, Lee J, Hwang JY, et al. Randomized comparison of three guidewire insertion depths on incidence of arrhythmia during central venous catheterization. Am J Emerg Med. 2017;35(5):743-748. PubMed [^4]: Pokharel K, Biswas BK, Tripathi M, Subedi A. Missed central venous guide wires: a systematic analysis of published case reports. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(8):1745-1756. PubMed [^5]: Song Y, Messerlian AK, Matevosian R. A potentially hazardous complication during central venous catheterization: lost guidewire retained in the patient. J Clin Anesth. 2012;24(3):221-226. PubMed [^6]: Wu A, Helo N, Moon E, Tam M, Kapoor B, Wang W. Strategies for prevention of iatrogenic inferior vena cava filter entrapment and dislodgement during central venous catheter placement. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59(1):255-259. PubMed

  • jod basedow syndrome from iodine load in hyperthyroidism

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: El-Shirbiny AM, Stavrou SS, Dnistrian A, et al. Jod-Basedow syndrome following oral iodine and radioiodinated-antibody administration. J Nucl Med. 1997;38(11):1816-1817. PubMed

  • hyperkalemia can cause severe bradycardia

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Long B, Warix JR, Koyfman A. Controversies in management of hyperkalemia. J Emerg Med. 2018;55(2):192-205. PubMed

  • early trophic enteral feeding in icu is beneficial

    • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Heyland DK, Patel J, Compher C, et al; EFFORT Protein Trial team. The effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients with high nutritional risk (EFFORT Protein): an international, multicentre, pragmatic, registry-based randomised trial. Lancet. 2023;401(10376):568-576. PubMed [^4]: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, Rice TW, Wheeler AP, et al. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307(8):795-803. PubMed [^5]: Reignier J, Boisramé-Helms J, Brisard L, et al; NUTRIREA-2 Trial Investigators; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) group. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2). Lancet. 2018;391(10116):133-143. PubMed [^6]: Reignier J, Plantefeve G, Mira JP, et al; NUTRIREA-3 Trial Investigators; Clinical Research in Intensive Care; Sepsis (CRICS-TRIGGERSEP)Group. Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3). Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(7):602-612. PubMed [^7]: Stoppe C, Patel JJ, Zarbock A, et al. The impact of higher protein dosing on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a post hoc analysis of the EFFORT protein trial. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):399. PubMed