SEEK Questionnaires

• related: ICU intensive care unit, Pulmonology
• tags: #literature

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• acute and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia AEP and CEP

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• massive transfusion protocol

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: HALT-IT Trial Collaborators. Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10241):1927-1936. PubMed [^4]: Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, et al; PROPPR Study Group. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(5):471-482. PubMed [^5]: Jaber S, Paugam C, Futier E, et al; BICAR-ICU Study Group. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2018;392(10141):31-40. PubMed [^6]: Napolitano LM, Kurek S, Luchette FA, et al; American College of Critical Care Medicine of the Society of Critical Care Medicine; Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma Practice Management Workgroup. Clinical practice guideline: red blood cell transfusion in adult trauma and critical care. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(12):3124-3157. PubMed [^7]: Stanworth SJ, Dowling K, Curry N, et al; Transfusion Task Force of the British Society for Haematology. Haematological management of major haemorrhage: a British Society for Haematology Guideline. Br J Haematol. 2022;198(4):654-667. PubMed

• methemoglobinemia has reduced O2 saturation with normal PaO2

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mycobactrium avium MAC

  • [^1]: Broaddus, V. Courtney et al. Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Ed. V. Courtney Broaddus et al. Seventh edition. Philadelphia, PA, 2021. Print. [^3]: Bryant J.M., Grogono D.M., Greaves D., et. al.: Whole-genome sequencing to identify transmission of Mycobacterium abscessus between patients with cystic fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2013; 381: pp. 1551-1560. [^4]: Falkinham JO. Reducing Human Exposure to Mycobacterium avium. Annals ATS. 2013;10(4):378-382. doi:10.1513/AnnalsATS.201301-013FR [^5]: Broaddus, V. Courtney et al. Murray & Nadel’s Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. Ed. V. Courtney Broaddus et al. Seventh edition. Philadelphia, PA, 2021. Print [^6]: Infection with Mycobacterium avium complex in patients without predisposing conditions. Prince DS, Peterson DD, Steiner RM, Gottlieb JE, Scott R, Israel HL, Figueroa WG, Fish JE. N Engl J Med. 1989;321(13):863. [^7]: Elicker, Brett M., W. Richard Webb, and W. Richard (Wayne Richard) Webb. Fundamentals of High-Resolution Lung CT: Common Findings, Common Patterns, Common Diseases, and Differential Diagnosis. Second edition. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Wolters Kluwer, 2019. [^8]: SEEK Questionnaires [^9]: An Official ATS/IDSA Statement: Diagnosis, Treatment, an Prevention of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Diseases.” A Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2007.

• carbon monoxide poisoning

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Thom SR, Taber RL, Mendiguren II, et al. Delayed neuropsychologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: prevention by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;25(4):474-480. PubMed [^4]: Weaver LK, Hopkins RO, Chan KJ, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(14):1057-1067. PubMed [^5]: Weaver LK. Clinical practice: carbon monoxide poisoning. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1217-1225. PubMed [^6]: Worsham CM, Woo J, Kearney MJ, et al. Carbon monoxide poisoning during major U.S. power outages. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(2):191-192. PubMed

• constrictive bronchiolitis is small airway disease

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• mesothelioma

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• post surgical necrotizing soft tissue infection can develop into toxic shock

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• eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis EGPA aka churg strauss

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• initiate SBT when ventilator is at lowest setting

  • [^1]: Brochard L, Rauss A, Benito S, et al. Comparison of three methods of gradual withdrawal from ventilatory support during weaning from mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150(4):896-903. PubMed [^3]: Shehabi Y, Howe BD, Bellomo R, et al; ANZICS Clinical Trials Group and the SPICE III Investigators. Early sedation with dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(26):2506-2517. PubMed

• tpa contraindications

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• CPAP improves LV afterload by preventing upper airway collapse

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• decrease flow rate in status asthmaticus over increasing PEEP

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Hess DR. Respiratory mechanics in mechanically ventilated patients. Respir Care. 2014;59(11):1773-1794. PubMed [^4]: Mannam P, Siegel MD. Analytic review: management of life-threatening asthma in adults. J Intensive Care Med. 2010;25(1):3-15. PubMed

• use CTA neck to assess for blunt cerebrovascular injury

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Crawford JD, Allan KM, Patel KU, et al. The natural history of indeterminate blunt cerebrovascular injury. JAMA Surg. 2015;150(9):841-847. PubMed [^4]: Funk, G. Facial Fracture Management Handbook - Malar complex fractures. University of Iowa Health Care https://medicine.uiowa.edu/iowaprotocols/facial-fracture-management-handbook-malar-complex-fractures. Accessed March 28, 2022. [^5]: Geddes AE, Burlew CC, Wagenaar AE, et al. Expanded screening criteria for blunt cerebrovascular injury: a bigger impact than anticipated. Am J Surg. 2016;212(6):1167-1174. PubMed [^6]: Grigorian A, Kabutey NK, Schubl S, et al. Blunt cerebrovascular injury incidence, stroke-rate, and mortality with the expanded Denver criteria. Surgery. 2018;164(3):494-499. PubMed [^7]: Inaba K, Byerly S, Bush LD, et al; WTA C-Spine Study Group. Cervical spinal clearance: a prospective Western Trauma Association multi-institutional trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016;81(6):1122-1130. PubMed [^8]: Leichtle SW, Banerjee D, Schrader R, et al. Blunt cerebrovascular injury: The case for universal screening. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;89(5):880-886. PubMed

• venous hyperoxia differentiates between methemoglobinemia and cyanide toxicity

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema CPFE

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• pulmonary diseases that are less common among smokers than nonsmokers

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• CLAD chronic lung allograft dysfunction

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• local anesthetic systemic toxicity LAST

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gitman M, Fettiplace MR, Weinberg GL, et al. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a narrative literature review and clinical update on prevention, diagnosis, and management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;144(3):783-795. PubMed [^4]: Harvey M, Cave G. Lipid emulsion in local anesthetic toxicity. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2017;30(5):632-638. PubMed [^5]: Mörwald EE, Zubizarreta N, Cozowicz C, et al. Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity in orthopedic patients receiving peripheral nerve blocks. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(4):442-445. PubMed [^6]: Neal JM, Barrington MJ, Fettiplace MR, et al. The Third American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity: executive summary 2017. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(2):113-123. PubMed [^7]: Neal JM, Neal EJ, Weinberg GL. American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine local anesthetic systemic toxicity checklist: 2020 version. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2021;46(1):81-82. PubMed [^8]: Rubin DS, Matsumoto MM, Weinberg G, et al. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity in total joint arthroplasty: incidence and risk factors in the United States from the National Inpatient Sample 1998-2013. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018;43(2):131-137. PubMed

• Lung nodules

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• aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease

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• check strongyloides for peirpheral eosinophilia before starting high dose steroids

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: La Hoz RM, Morris MI; AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Intestinal parasites including Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, Giardia, and Microsporidia, Entamoeba histolytica, Strongyloides, Schistosomiasis, and Echinococcus: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019;33(9):e13618. PubMed [^4]: Marchese V, Crosato V, Gulletta M, et al. Strongyloides infection manifested during immunosuppressive therapy for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Infection. 2021;49(3):539-542. PubMed [^5]: Requena-Méndez A, Buonfrate D, Gomez-Junyent J, Zammarchi L, Bisoffi Z, Muñoz J. Evidence-based guidelines for screening and management of strongyloidiasis in non-endemic countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017;97(3):645-652. PubMed

• follicular bronchiolitis

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• use pirfenidone over nintedanib for less CYP interactions for pulmonary fibrosis

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• cryptococcus pulmonary infection

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• pulmonary coccidioidomycosis infection

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• arterial line damping

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: CHEST Board Review Critical Care?

• arterial line transducer positioning in relation to heart

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• benefits of NIV

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• brain death exams

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lewis A, Greer D. Current controversies in brain death determination. Nat Rev Neurol. 2017;13(8):505-509. PubMed

• check tryptase for anaphylaxis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lieberman P, Nicklas RA, Randolph C, et al. Anaphylaxis—a practice parameter update 2015. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015;115(5):341-384. PubMed [^4]: Muraro A, Roberts G, Worm M, et al; EAACI Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Guidelines Group. Anaphylaxis: guidelines from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy. 2014;69(8):1026-1045. PubMed [^5]: Reber LL, Hernandez JD, Galli SJ. The pathophysiology of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140(2):335-348. PubMed [^6]: Sampson HA, Muñoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. Second symposium on the definition and management of anaphylaxis: summary report—Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;117(2):391-397. PubMed [^7]: Simons FE, Ardusso LR, Dimov V, et al; World Allergy Organization. World Allergy Organization anaphylaxis guidelines: 2013 update of the evidence base. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2013;162(3):193-204. PubMed [^8]: Wood RA, Camargo CA Jr, Lieberman P, et al. Anaphylaxis in America: the prevalence and characteristics of anaphylaxis in the United States. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133(2):461-467. PubMed

• do not use bipap for rescue failed extubation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, et al. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(2):164-170. PubMed [^4]: Keenan SP, Powers C, McCormack DG, et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for postextubation respiratory distress: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;287(24):3238-3244. PubMed [^5]: Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F, et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(11):2465-2470. PubMed

• driving pressure is plateau pressure minus PEEP

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• FAST exam is specific but not sensitive

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gleeson T, Blehar D. Point-of-care ultrasound in trauma. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2018;39(4):374-383. PubMed [^4]: Malinoski DJ, Patel MS, Yakar DO, et al. A diagnostic delay of 5 hours increases the risk of death after blunt hollow viscus injury. J Trauma. 2010;69(1):84-87. PubMed [^5]: Stengel D, Leisterer J, Ferrada P, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;12(12):CD012669. PubMed [^6]: Weinberg JA, Peck KA, Ley EJ, et al. Evaluation and management of bowel and mesenteric injuries after blunt trauma: a Western Trauma Association critical decisions algorithm. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;91(5):903-908. PubMed

• fat emboli syndrome can manifest as shock and nonconvulsive seizure

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Morales-Vidal SG. Neurologic complications of fat embolism syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2019;19(3):14. PubMed [^4]: Sutter R, Semmlack S, Kaplan PW. Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in adults - insights into the invisible. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016;12(5):281-293. PubMed

• how to clear cervical collar

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• metabolic alkalosis from diuresis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Tinawi M. Pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of metabolic alkalosis. Cureus. 2021;13(1):e12841. PubMed

• prone ventilation RV hemodynamics

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fougères E, Teboul JL, Richard C, et al. Hemodynamic impact of a positive end-expiratory pressure setting in acute respiratory distress syndrome: importance of the volume status. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(3):802-807. PubMed [^4]: Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, et al; PROSEVA Study Group. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159-2168. PubMed [^5]: Guerin C, Baboi L, Richard JC. Mechanisms of the effects of prone positioning in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(11):1634-1642. PubMed [^6]: Jozwiak M, Teboul JL, Anguel N, et al. Beneficial hemodynamic effects of prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(12):1428-1433. PubMed [^7]: Magder S. Is all on the level? Hemodynamics during supine versus prone ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(12):1390-1391. PubMed [^8]: Mancebo J, Fernández R, Blanch L, et al. A multicenter trial of prolonged prone ventilation in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;173(11):1233-1239. PubMed

• PT OT reduces ICU delirium

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• scuba diving and decompression sickness

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Friedman MA, Fernandez M, Backer LC, et al. An updated review of ciguatera fish poisoning: clinical, epidemiological, environmental, and public health management. Mar Drugs. 2017;15(3):72. PubMed [^4]: Feng C, Teuber S, Gershwin ME. Histamine (scombroid) fish poisoning: a comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2016;50(1):64-69. PubMed [^5]: Katikou P, Gokbulut C, Kosker AR, et al. An updated review of tetrodotoxin and its peculiarities. Mar Drugs. 2022;20(1):47. PubMed

• self induced lung injury SILI can occur because of large inspiratory tidal volume

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Yoshida T, Amato MBP, Kavanagh BP. Understanding spontaneous vs. ventilator breaths: impact and monitoring. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(12):2235-2238. PubMed [^4]: Yoshida T, Fujino Y, Amato MB, et al. Fifty years of research in ARDS. Spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilation. Risks, mechanisms, and management. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;195(8):985-992. PubMed [^5]: Yoshida T, Roldan R, Beraldo MA, et al. Spontaneous effort during mechanical ventilation: maximal injury with less positive end-expiratory pressure. Crit Care Med. 2016;44(8):e678-688. PubMed [^6]: Yoshida T, Uchiyama A, Matsuura N, et al. Spontaneous breathing during lung-protective ventilation in an experimental acute lung injury model: high transpulmonary pressure associated with strong spontaneous breathing effort may worsen lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(5):1578-1585.

• small ETT can cause secretion accumulation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Covert T, Niu NT. Differential diagnosis of high peak airway pressures. Dimens Crit Care Nurs. 2015;34(1):19-23. PubMed [^4]: Glass C, Grap MJ, Sessler CN. Endotracheal tube narrowing after closed-system suctioning: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Crit Care. 1999;8(2):93-100. PubMed [^5]: Tobin MJ. Advances in mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(26):1986-1996. PubMed [^6]: Wang CH, Tsai JC, Chen SF, et al. Normal saline instillation before suctioning: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Aust Crit Care. 2017;30(5):260-265. PubMed

• use bronchoscopy to advance ET if concern of cuff leak with high ET tube

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: El-Orbany M, Salem MR. Endotracheal tube cuff leaks: causes, consequences, and management. Anesth Analg. 2013;117(2):428-434. PubMed [^4]: Mort TC, Braffett BH. Conventional versus video laryngoscopy for tracheal tube exchange: glottic visualization, success rates, complications, and rescue alternatives in the high-risk difficult airway patient. Anesth Analg. 2015;121(2):440-448. PubMed [^5]: Park SH, Han SH, Do SH, et al. The influence of head and neck position on the oropharyngeal leak pressure and cuff position of three supraglottic airway devices. Anesth Analg. 2009;108(1):112-117. PubMed [^6]: Rudraraju P, Eisen LA. Confirmation of endotracheal tube position: a narrative review. J Intensive Care Med. 2009;24(5):283-292. PubMed

• use left lateral uterus displacement in pregnant patient ACLS

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Chu J, Johnston TA, Geoghegan J; Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Maternal collapse in pregnancy and the puerperium: green-top guideline no. 56. BJOG. 2020;127(5):e14-e52. PubMed [^4]: Ford ND, DeSisto CL, Galang RR, et al. Cardiac arrest during delivery hospitalization : a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2023;176(4):472-479. PubMed [^5]: Naoum EE, Chalupka A, Haft J, et al. Extracorporeal life support in pregnancy: a systematic review. J Am Heart Assoc. 2020;9(13):e016072. PubMed [^6]: Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al; Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support Writing Group. Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020;142(16_suppl_2):S366-S468. PubMed [^7]: Zelop CM, Einav S, Mhyre JM, et al; American Heart Association’s Get With the Guidelines-Resuscitation Investigators. Characteristics and outcomes of maternal cardiac arrest: a descriptive analysis of Get with the guidelines data. Resuscitation. 2018;132:17-20. PubMed

• use trendelenburg position for air embolism from central line placement

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Malik N, Claus PL, Illman JE, et al. Air embolism: diagnosis and management. Future Cardiol. 2017;13(4):365-378. PubMed [^4]: McCarthy CJ, Behravesh S, Naidu SG, et al. Air embolism: diagnosis, clinical management and outcomes. Diagnostics (Basel). 2017;7(1):5. PubMed [^5]: Toung TJ, Rossberg MI, Hutchins GM. Volume of air in a lethal venous air embolism. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(2):360-361. PubMed

• use TXA in massive trauma resuscitation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Innerhofer N, Treichl B, Rugg C, et al. First-line administration of fibrinogen concentrate in the bleeding trauma patient: searching for effective dosages and optimal post-treatment levels limiting massive transfusion-further results of the RETIC study. J Clin Med. 2021;10(17):3930. PubMed [^4]: Martinowitz U, Kenet G, Segal E, et al. Recombinant activated factor VII for adjunctive hemorrhage control in trauma. J Trauma. 2001;51(3):431-438. PubMed [^5]: Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, et al; FAST Trial Investigators. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(20):2127-2137. PubMed [^6]: Morrison JJ, Dubose JJ, Rasmussen TE, Midwinter MJ. Military application of tranexamic acid in trauma emergency resuscitation (MATTERs) study. Arch Surg. 2012;147(2):113-119. PubMed [^7]: Roberts I, Shakur H, Coats T, et al. The CRASH-2 trial: a randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events and transfusion requirement in bleeding trauma patients. Health Technol Assess. 2013;17(10):1-79. PubMed [^8]: Spinella PC, Perkins JG, McLaughlin DF, et al. The effect of recombinant activated factor VII on mortality in combat-related casualties with severe trauma and massive transfusion. J Trauma. 2008;64(2):286-293. PubMed

• primary graft dysfunction PGD following lung transplant

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• respiratory bronchiolitis

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• TIPS can cause portopulmonary hypertension

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• pulmonary echinococcosis can present with pneumothorax

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• pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis PLG is associated with EBV

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• polymicrobial peritonitis suggests perforation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):481-508. PubMed [^4]: ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2018;38(4):313. PubMed

• pulmonary abscess

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Rahman NM, Maskell NA, West A, et al. Intrapleural use of tissue plasminogen activator and DNase in pleural infection. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(6):518-526. PubMed

• HLH hemaphagocytic lymphohistiocytosis

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• LAM vs PLCH vs LIP vs PBML image, histology, PFT

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Algorithmic approach to multiple intraparenchymal cysts. Abbreviations: HRCT, high-resolution CT; BHD, Birt-Hogg-Dubé; H/O, history of; LAM, lymphangioleiomyomatosis; TS, tuberous sclerosis [complex (TSC)]; PTX, pneumothorax; PFT = pulmonary function test; HMB-45, Human Melanoma Black. Figure courtesy of Raoof S, Bondalapati P, Vydyula R, et al. Cystic lung diseases: algorithmic approach. Chest. 2016;150(4):945-965.

• asbestosis

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• 2, 3 BPG and RBC

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• 6 minute walk test 6mwt

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• acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease

  • [^1]: Sickle cell disease [^3]: Howard J, Hart N, Roberts-Harewood M, et al; BCSH Committee. Guideline on the management of acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol. 2015;169(4):492-505. PubMed [^4]: Naik RP, Streiff MB, Haywood C Jr, et al. Venous thromboembolism in adults with sickle cell disease: a serious and under-recognized complication. Am J Med. 2013;126(5):443-449. PubMed [^5]: Novelli EM, Gladwin MT. Crises in sickle cell disease. Chest. 2016;149(4):1082-1093. PubMed

• ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis can be mistaken for lung problems

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• bronchopulmonary dysplasia BPD can lead to airway obstruction

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• castleman disease

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• chronic silicone embolism syndrome

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• e-cigarettes and tobacco

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• EVALI ecigarette or vaping associated lung injury

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Blagev DP, Harris D, Dunn AC, Guidry DW, Grissom CK, Lanspa MJ. Clinical presentation, treatment, and short-term outcomes of lung injury associated with e-cigarettes or vaping: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2019;394(10214):2073-2083. PubMed [^4]: Blount BC, Karwowski MP, Shields PG, et al; Lung Injury Response Laboratory Working Group. Vitamin E acetate in bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid associated with EVALI. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(8):697-705. PubMed [^5]: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For State, Local, Territorial, and Tribal Health Departments. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic\_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease/health-departments/index.html. Accessed April 8, 2022.

• hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

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• idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis IPH can cause DAH

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• lung transplant medication and CYP interactions

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• lupus can have shrinking lung syndrome

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• marijuana use can induce bulla formation

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• Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome or tracobronchomegaly

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• osler weber rendu is associated with high output heart failure from hepatic AVM

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• osler weber rendu is associated with pulmonary AVM

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• placental transmogrification of the lung

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• pneumonia tularemia needs to be treated with aminoglycoside

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• post lung transplant infections

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• post transplant pneumomediastinum can be from anastamotic dehiscence

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Crespo MM, McCarthy DP, Hopkins PM, et al. ISHLT consensus statement on adult and pediatric airway complications after lung transplantation: definitions, grading system, and therapeutics. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018;37(5):548-563. PubMed [^4]: Machuzak M, Santacruz JF, Gildea T, et al. Airway complications after lung transplantation. Thorac Surg Clin. 2015;25(1):55-75. PubMed [^5]: Mughal MM, Gildea TR, Murthy S, et al. Short-term deployment of self-expanding metallic stents facilitates healing of bronchial dehiscence. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(6):768-771. PubMed [^6]: Santacruz JF, Mehta AC. Airway complications and management after lung transplantation: ischemia, dehiscence, and stenosis. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2009;6(1):79-93. PubMed

• Primary graft dysfunction is form of acute noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following transplant

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary vein thrombosis following lung transplant

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Denton EJ, Rischin A, McGiffin D, et al. Refractory pulmonary edema caused by late pulmonary vein thrombosis after lung transplantation: a rare adverse event. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102(3):e197-e199. PubMed [^4]: González-Fernández C, González-Castro A, Rodríguez-Borregán JC, et al. Pulmonary venous obstruction after lung transplantation. Diagnostic advantages of transesophageal echocardiography. Clin Transplant. 2009;23(6):975-980. PubMed [^5]: Schulman LL, Anandarangam T, Leibowitz DW, et al. Four-year prospective study of pulmonary venous thrombosis after lung transplantation. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2001;14(8):806-812. PubMed [^6]: Shah AS, Michler RE, Downey RJ, et al. Management strategies for pulmonary vein thrombosis following single lung transplantation. J Card Surg. 1995;10(2):169-178. PubMed [^7]: Snell GI, Yusen RD, Weill D, et al. Report of the ISHLT Working Group on Primary Lung Graft Dysfunction, part I: definition and grading-a 2016 consensus group statement of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2017;36(10):1097-1103. PubMed [^8]: Uhlmann EJ, Dunitz JM, Fiol ME. Pulmonary vein thrombosis after lung transplantation presenting as stroke. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28(2):209-210. PubMed

• rituximab can cause hypogammaglobulinemia

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• thoracic endometriosis syndrome TES can cause catamenial pneumothorax and hemothorax

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• traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts can result following trauma

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• use rigid bronchoscopy for extraction of foreign objects

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• use sniff test to diagnose diaphragmatic paralysis

  • [^1]: Murray and Nadel Ch 136 Noninvasive Support of Ventilation

• VAP risk factors for MDR pathogens

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• Warfarin can cause tracheobronchial tree calcification

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• valproic acid associated hyperammonemia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mathias RS, Kostiner D, Packman S. Hyperammonemia in urea cycle disorders: role of the nephrologist. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(5):1069-1080. PubMed [^4]: Nicholson C, Fowler M, Mullen C, et al. Evaluation of levocarnitine, lactulose, and combination therapy for the treatment of valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia in critically ill patients. Epilepsy Res. 2021;178:106806. PubMed

• DRESS syndrome causes

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al; RegiSCAR study group. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(5):1071-1080. PubMed [^4]: Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, et al. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome / drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023:S0190-9622(23)02402-7. PubMed [^5]: MKSAP

• DRESS syndrome in the ICU

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, et al; RegiSCAR study group. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169(5):1071-1080. PubMed [^4]: Wei BM, Fox LP, Kaffenberger BH, et al. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome / drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Part I. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinicopathological features, and prognosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023:S0190-9622(23)02402-7. PubMed

• use CTA to look for large vessel occlusion in ischemic stroke patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Tao C, Nogueira RG, Zhu Y, et al; ATTENTION Investigators. Trial of endovascular treatment of acute basilar-artery occlusion. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(15):1361-1372. PubMed

• seizure can be result of hyperbaric oxygen therapy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• dupilumab dupixent is used to treat oral corticosteroid dependent asthma

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• intracranial pressure ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure goals and treatment in TBI

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Cooper DJ, Nichol AD, Bailey M, et al; POLAR Trial Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group. Effect of early sustained prophylactic hypothermia on neurologic outcomes among patients with severe traumatic brain injury: the POLAR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(21):2211-2220. PubMed [^4]: Lowering body temperature as a primary method of improving outcome in TBI was tested in the POLAR trial and failed to show benefit.[^1][^2][^3] [^5]: Robertson CS, Valadka AB, Hannay HJ, et al. Prevention of secondary ischemic insults after severe head injury. Crit Care Med. 1999;27(10):2086-2095. PubMed

• lemierre syndrome is septic thrombophlebitis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dai YL, Chen VM, Hedges TR 3rd, et al. Lemierre syndrome associated mycotic cavernous sinus thrombosis and carotid aneurysm after COVID-19. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2022;27:101642. PubMed [^4]: Ferro JM, Canhão P, Stam J, et al; ISCVT Investigators. Prognosis of cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis: results of the International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT). Stroke. 2004;35(3):664-670. PubMed [^5]: Golpe R, Marín B, Alonso M. Lemierre’s syndrome (necrobacillosis). Postgrad Med J. 1999;75(881):141-144. PubMed [^6]: Sakaida H, Kobayashi M, Ito A, et al. Cavernous sinus thrombosis: linking a swollen red eye and headache. Lancet. 2014;384(9946):928. PubMed

• stress index in ventilators

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Henderson WR, Chen L, Amato MBP, Brochard LJ. Fifty years of research in ARDS: respiratory mechanics in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(7):822-833. PubMed [^4]: Sun XM, Chen GQ, Chen K, et al. Stress index can be accurately and reliably assessed by visually inspecting ventilator waveforms. Respir Care. 2018;63(9):1094-1101. PubMed [^5]: Walkey AJ, Del Sorbo L, Hodgson CL, et al. Higher PEEP versus lower PEEP strategies for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(suppl 4):S297-S303. PubMed

• initiating nighttime NIV for chronic hypercapnia in COPD

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• extrapulmonary tuberculosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• necrotizing soft tissue infection can spread by trauma or hematogenously

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(2):e10-52. PubMed [^4]: Stevens DL, Maier KA, Mitten JE. Effect of antibiotics on toxin production and viability of Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987;31(2):213-218. PubMed [^5]: Stevens DL, Musher DM, Watson DA, et al. Spontaneous, nontraumatic gangrene due to Clostridium septicum. Rev Infect Dis. 1990;12(2):286-296. PubMed

• inferior MI could be right sided STEMI

  • [^1]: Dell’Italia LJ, Starling MR, Blumhardt R, Lasher JC, O’Rourke RA. Comparative effects of volume loading, dobutamine, and nitroprusside in patients with predominant right ventricular infarction. Circulation. 1985;72(6):1327-1335. PubMed [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires

• phenobarbital use have increased risk for steven johnson syndrome

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bastuji-Garin S, Fouchard N, Bertocchi M, Roujeau JC, Revuz J, Wolkenstein P. SCORTEN: a severity-of-illness score for toxic epidermal necrolysis. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(2):149-153. PubMed [^4]: Garcia-Doval I, LeCleach L, Bocquet H, Otero XL, Roujeau JC. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: does early withdrawal of causative drugs decrease the risk of death? Arch Dermatol. 2000;136(3):323-327. PubMed [^5]: Gerull R, Nelle M, Schaible T. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome: a review. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(6):1521-1532. PubMed [^6]: Oks M, Cleven KL, Healy L, et al. The safety and utility of phenobarbital use for the treatment of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the medical intensive care unit. J Intensive Care Med. 2020;35(9):844-850. PubMed [^7]: Steel TL, Afshar M, Edwards S, et al. Research needs for inpatient management of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome: an official American Thoracic Society research statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(7):e61-e87. PubMed

• pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• GPA granulomatosis with polyangitis CT chest shows cavitary diseases

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• reverse triggering is when patient initiates 2nd breath

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mellado Artigas R, Damiani LF, Piraino T, et al. Reverse triggering dyssynchrony 24 h after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiology. 2021;134(5):760-769. PubMed [^4]: Mellott KG, Grap MJ, Munro CL, et al. Patient ventilator asynchrony in critically ill adults: frequency and types. Heart Lung. 2014;43(3):231-243. PubMed [^5]: Mirabella L, Cinnella G, Costa R, et al. Patient-ventilator asynchronies: clinical implications and practical solutions. Respiratory Care. 2020;65(11):1751-1766. [^6]: Oto B, Annesi J, Foley RJ. Patient-ventilator dyssynchrony in the intensive care unit: a practical approach to diagnosis and management. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2021;49(2):86-97. PubMed

• reversal in brain bleed

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• thromboelastogram TEG

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Sarode K, Hussain SS, Tyroch A, et al. A review of the current role of blood clotting analyzers in clinical practice. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets. 2017;17(3):167-179. PubMed [^4]: Sharp G, Young CJ. Point-of-care viscoelastic assay devices (rotational thromboelastometry and thromboelastography): a primer for surgeons. ANZ J Surg. 2019;89(4):291-295. PubMed [^5]: Cannon JW, Dias JD, Kumar MA, et al. Use of thromboelastography in the evaluation and management of patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Explor. 2021;3(9):e0526. PubMed [^6]: Drumheller BC, Stein DM, Moore LJ, et al. Thromboelastography and rotational thromboelastometry for the surgical intensivist: a narrative review. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;86(4):710-721. PubMed [^7]: Kim Y, Patel SS, McElroy IE, et al. A systematic review of thromboelastography utilization in vascular and endovascular surgery. J Vasc Surg. 2022;75(3):1107-1115. PubMed [^8]: CRASH-2 trial collaborators; Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9734):23-32. PubMed [^9]: Subramanian M, Kaplan LJ, Cannon JW. Thromboelastography-guided resuscitation of the trauma patient [published online ahead of print October 9, 2019]. JAMA Surg. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.3136. PubMed

• vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia VITT

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Huynh A, Kelton JG, Arnold DM, Daka M, Nazy I. Antibody epitopes in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia. Nature. 2021;596(7873):565-569. PubMed [^4]: Schultz NH, Sørvoll IH, Michelsen AE, et al. Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(22):2124-2130. PubMed [^5]: Tiede A, Sachs UJ, Czwalinna A, et al. Prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination. Blood. 2021;138(4):350-353. PubMed

• lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP can have ground glass opacities with peribronchovascular cystic lesions, differentiate it from NSIP

  • [^1]: An Algorithmic Approach to Lung Disease

• autoimmune encephalitis from check point inhibitor

  • [^1]: Dalakas MC. Neurological complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors: what happens when you ‘take the brakes off’ the immune system. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2018;11:1756286418799864. PubMed [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires

• GBS

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• cystic fibrosis treat with Trikafta over mono or dual therapy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• propofol infusion syndrome can lead to elevated lactic acidosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• dupilumab dupixent can have transient elevation in blood eosinophils

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• GPA granulomatosis with polyangitis treatment with steroid and cyclophosphamide

  • [^1]: Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int. 2021;100(4S):S1-S276. PubMed [^3]: Stone JH, Merkel PA, Spiera R, et al; RAVE-ITN Research Group. Rituximab versus cyclophosphamide for ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(3):221-232. PubMed [^4]: SEEK Questionnaires

• granulomatosis with polyangiitis histology shows necrotizing granulomas

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Maertens JA, Rahav G, Lee DG, et al; study investigators. Posaconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive aspergillosis: a phase 3, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10273):499-509. PubMed [^4]: Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):e1-e60. PubMed [^5]: Thompson GR 3rd, Young JH. Aspergillus infections. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1496-1509. PubMed [^6]: Zou M, Tang L, Zhao S, et al. Correction: systematic review and meta-analysis of detecting galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for diagnosing invasive aspergillosis. PLoS One. 2017;12(12):e0190459. PubMed [^7]: Gangneux JP, Dannaoui E, Fekkar A, et al. Fungal infections in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 during the first wave: the French multicentre MYCOVID study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(2):180-190. PubMed [^8]: Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, et al; Invasive Fungal Infections Group of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Global Aspergillus Study Group. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(6):408-415. PubMed [^9]: Huang SF, Ying-Jung Wu A, Shin-Jung Lee S, et al; GREAT working group. COVID-19 associated mold infections: review of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2023;56(3):442-454. PubMed [^10]: Lamoth F, Calandra T. Pulmonary aspergillosis: diagnosis and treatment. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(166):220114. PubMed [^11]: Thompson GR 3rd, Young JH. Aspergillus Infections. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(16):1496-1509. PubMed [^12]: Townsend L, Martin-Loeches I. Invasive Aspergillosis in the intensive care unit. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(11):2712. PubMed

• check point inhibitor pneumonitis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Nishino M, Giobbie-Hurder A, Hatabu H, et al. Incidence of programmed cell death 1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in patients with advanced cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(12):1607-1616. PubMed

• early diastolic transmitral flow on apical four chamber view

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• esophageal rupture

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Persson S, Rouvelas I, Irino T, et al. Outcomes following the main treatment options in patients with a leaking esophagus: a systematic literature review. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(12):1-10. PubMed [^4]: Shaker H, Elsayed H, Whittle I, et al. The influence of the ‘golden 24-h rule’ on the prognosis of oesophageal perforation in the modern era. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;38(2):216-222. PubMed [^5]: Watkins JR, Farivar AS. Endoluminal therapies for esophageal perforations and leaks. Thorac Surg Clin. 2018;28(4):541-554. PubMed

• Triple inhaler improves mortality in COPD patients and should be used over ICS-LABA

  • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires

• diagnostic criteria for acute eosinophilic pneumonia

  • [^1]: Murray and Nadel Ch 96 Eosinophilic Lung Disease

• antibiotics pharmacology time and concentration dependence

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lipman J, Brett SJ, De Waele JJ, et al. A protocol for a phase 3 multicentre randomised controlled trial of continuous versus intermittent β-lactam antibiotic infusion in critically ill patients with sepsis: BLING III. Crit Care Resusc. 2019;21(1):63-68. PubMed [^4]: Rybak MJ, Le J, Lodise TP, et al. Therapeutic monitoring of vancomycin for serious methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: a revised consensus guideline and review by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2020;77(11):835-864. PubMed [^5]: Timsit JF, Bassetti M, Cremer O, et al. Rationalizing antimicrobial therapy in the ICU: a narrative review. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45(2):172-189. PubMed [^6]: Tsuji BT, Pogue JM, Zavascki AP, et al. International consensus guidelines for the optimal use of the polymyxins: endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Pharmacotherapy. 2019;39(1):10-39. PubMed

• gabapentin can cause hypercapnic respiratory failure with nyastagmus

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: FDA warns about serious breathing problems with seizure and nerve pain medicines gabapentin (Neurontin, Gralise, Horizant) and pregabalin (Lyrica, Lyrica CR). FDA Drug Safety Podcast. . https://www.fda.gov/drugs/fda-drug-safety-podcasts/fda-warns-about-serious-breathing-problems-seizure-and-nerve-pain-medicines-gabapentin-neurontin. Accessed January 19, 2022. [^4]: Rzasa Lynn R, Galinkin JL. Naloxone dosage for opioid reversal: current evidence and clinical implications. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2018;9(1):63-88. PubMed

• suspect malignant hyperthermia in succinylcholine use and fever

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kaur H, Katyal N, Yelam A, et al. Malignant hyperthermia. Mo Med. 2019;116(2):154-159. PubMed

• use octreotide for glipizide overdose

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Glatstein M, Scolnik D, Bentur Y. Octreotide for the treatment of sulfonylurea poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2012;50(9):795-804. PubMed [^4]: Klein-Schwartz W, Stassinos GL, Isbister GK. Treatment of sulfonylurea and insulin overdose. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;81(3):496-504. PubMed [^5]: Lheureux PE, Zahir S, Penaloza A, et al. Bench-to-bedside review: antidotal treatment of sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycaemia with octreotide. Crit Care. 2005;9(6):543-549. PubMed

• lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP have positive autoimmune labs and lymphocyte BAL results

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• bronchial atresia is a congenital anomaly that can cause mucous impaction

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• severe acute hyperammonemia can be caused by opportunistic infections

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Buzo BF, Preiksaitis JK, Halloran K, et al. Association between Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma airway positivity, ammonia levels, and outcomes post-lung transplantation: a prospective surveillance study. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(6):2123-2131. PubMed [^4]: Clay AS, Hainline BE. Hyperammonemia in the ICU. Chest. 2007;132(4):1368-1378. PubMed [^5]: Jang YS, Min JW, Kim YS. Positive culture rate and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2019;62(2):127-133. PubMed [^6]: Krutsinger D, Pezzulo A, Blevins AE, et al. Idiopathic hyperammonemia after solid organ transplantation: primarily a lung problem? A single-center experience and systematic review. Clin Transplant. 2017;31(5). PubMed [^7]: Leger RF, Silverman MS, Hauck ES, et al. Hyperammonemia post lung transplantation: a review. Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med. 2020;14:1179548420966234. PubMed [^8]: Mathias RS, Kostiner D, Packman S. Hyperammonemia in urea cycle disorders: role of the nephrologist. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;37(5):1069-1080. PubMed [^9]: Roberts SC, Bharat A, Kurihara C, et al. Impact of screening and treatment of Ureaplasma species on hyperammonemia syndrome in lung transplant recipients: a single center experience. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e2531-e2537. PubMed

• myasthenia crisis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Sanders DB, Wolfe GI, Benatar M, et al. International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology. 2016;87(4):419-425. PubMed

• bronchiolitis with air trapping can have appearance of decreased lung density on expiration

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• surgical treatment for infective endocarditis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al; American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council. Infective endocarditis in adults: diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, and management of complications: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;132(15):1435-1486. PubMed [^4]: Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e35-e71. PubMed

• continue normal asthma management except ICS LABA in pregnant patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mannitol inhalation test for asthma diagnosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• start allergen immunotherapy for controlled asthma patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use bronchial thermoplasty to treat severe asthma

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• nocardia and actinomyces

  • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024

• calculating efficacy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• calculating survival probability

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• clinical equipoise is uncertainty that one treatment is better than the other

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Freedman B. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(3):141-145. PubMed [^4]: London AJ. Equipoise in research: integrating ethics and science in human research. JAMA. 2017;317(5):525-526. PubMed

• NNT numbers needed to treat limitations

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Stang A, Poole C, Bender R. Common problems related to the use of number needed to treat. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(8):820-825. PubMed [^4]: Wen L, Badgett R, Cornell J. Number needed to treat: a descriptor for weighing therapeutic options. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(19):2031-2036. PubMed

• number needed to screen and prevalence

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• person time rate

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• power and confidence level of research

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• PPV has positive relationship with prevalence

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, true positive, false positive, true negative, false negative

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• type 1 and 2 errors

  • [^1]: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

• validation methods in big data analysis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• GPA granulomatosis with polyangitis symptoms include cavitary lung disease and neuropathy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Comarmond C, Cacoub P. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener): clinical aspects and treatment. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(11):1121-1125. PubMed [^4]: Lutalo PM, D’Cruz DP. Diagnosis and classification of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (aka Wegener’s granulomatosis). J Autoimmun. 2014;48-49:94-98. PubMed [^5]: Walsh M, Merkel PA, Peh CA, et al; PEXIVAS Investigators. Plasma exchange and glucocorticoids in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(7):622-631. PubMed

• treat refractory MAC with amikacin

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• free water deficit calculation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• hemoconcentration can cause creatinine concentration after diuresis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: El-Refai M, Krivospitskaya O, Peterson EL, et al. Relationship of loop diuretic dosing and acute changes in renal function during hospitalization for heart failure. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2011;2(10):1000164. PubMed [^4]: Joannidis M, Klein SJ, Ostermann M. 10 myths about frusemide. Intensive Care Med. 2019;45(4):545-548. PubMed [^5]: Liu KD, Thompson BT, Ancukiewicz M, et al; National Institutes of Health National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. Acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury: impact of fluid accumulation on classification of acute kidney injury and associated outcomes. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(12):2665-2671. PubMed [^6]: Rangaswami J, Bhalla V, Blair JEA, et al; American Heart Association Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Cardiorenal syndrome: classification, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(16):e840-e878. PubMed

• hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis from normal saline

  • [^1]: Scheingraber S, Rehm M, Sehmisch C, et al. Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. Anesthesiology. 1999;90(5):1265-1270. PubMed [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires

• hypermagnesemia complications

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Felsenfeld AJ, Levine BS, Rodriguez M. Pathophysiology of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium dysregulation in chronic kidney disease. Semin Dial. 2015;28(6):564-577. PubMed [^4]: Nishikawa M, Shimada N, Kanzaki M, et al. The characteristics of patients with hypermagnesemia who underwent emergency hemodialysis. Acute Med Surg. 2018;5(3):222-229. PubMed

• primary peritonitis in PD patients only need 50 neutrophils

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Li PK, Szeto CC, Piraino B, et al. ISPD peritonitis recommendations: 2016 update on prevention and treatment. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):481-508. PubMed [^4]: Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of candidiasis: 2016 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(4):e1-e50. PubMed [^5]: Perl J, Fuller DS, Bieber BA, et al. Peritoneal dialysis-related infection rates and outcomes: results from the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) [published online ahead of print January 10, 2020]. Am J Kidney Dis. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.09.016. PubMed [^6]: Toprak H, Yilmaz TF, Yurtsever I, et al. Multidetector CT findings in gastrointestinal tract perforation that can help prediction of perforation site accurately. Clin Radiol. 2019;74(9):736.e1-736.e7. PubMed

• renal artery stenosis can cause recurrent flash pulmonary edema

  • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires

• urine anion gap differentiates between GI vs renal causes of NAGMA

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Emmett M, Narins RG. Clinical use of the anion gap. Medicine (Baltimore). 1977;56(1):38-54. PubMed [^4]: Gabow PA, Kaehny WD, Fennessey PV, et al. Diagnostic importance of an increased serum anion gap. N Engl J Med. 1980;303(15):854-858. PubMed [^5]: Kraut JA, Madias NE. Serum anion gap: its uses and limitations in clinical medicine. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;2(1):162-174. PubMed [^6]: Uribarri J, Oh MS. The urine anion gap: common misconceptions. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32(5):1025-1028. PubMed

• acute eosinophilic pneumonia can present after unusual or unique exposures

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• acute eosinophilic pneumonia diagnosis include eosinophils on BAL, pulmonary infiltrate, febrile illness

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treat eosinophilic pneumonia with steroids

  • [^1]: Uworld Questionnaires

• aspirin can be used for prophylaxis after treatment of unprovoked recurrent DVT

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• paragangliomas is a type of middle mediastinum mass

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• eosinophilia in pleural effusion suggests BAPE, air, PE, or cancer

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pleurx catheter results in fewer pleural procedure than talc pleurodesis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• spontaneous bacterial empyema SBEM is empyema without pneumonia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• trapped lung physiology is result of chronic lung entrapment

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• urinothorax is associated with obstructive uropathy after trauma or surgery

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Numata Y, Ishii K, Seki H, et al. Perforation of abdominal esophagus following nasogastric feeding tube intubation: a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2018;45:67-71. PubMed [^4]: Steiger MJ, Morgan AG. Diagnostic aspiration of an iatrogenic hydrothorax following subclavian catheterization. Postgrad Med J. 1990;66(778):672-673. PubMed [^5]: Toubes ME, Lama A, Ferreiro L, et al. Urinothorax: a systematic review. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9(5):1209-1218. PubMed

• use radioisotope scan to diagnose hepatic hydrothorax

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• order CPET to diagnose chronic dyspnea and assess preoperative risks

  • [^1]: An Algorithmic Approach to Chronic Dyspnea [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires

• cryptogenic organizing pneumonia COP histology shows Masson bodies

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• sodium bicarb leads to lower serum K compared to other fluids

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: O’Malley CMN, Frumento RJ, Hardy MA, et al. A randomized, double-blind comparison of lactated Ringer’s solution and 0.9% NaCl during renal transplantation. Anesth Analg. 2005;100(5):1518-1524. PubMed [^4]: Self WH, Semler MW, Wanderer JP, et al; SALT-ED Investigators. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in noncritically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(9):819-828. PubMed

• mesothelioma is associated with BAP1 mutation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mesothelioma vs adeno staining

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• NAGMA in DKA patients from ketone excretion

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Oh MS, Carroll HJ, Uribarri J. Mechanism of normochloremic and hyperchloremic acidosis in diabetic ketoacidosis. Nephron. 1990;54(1):1-6. PubMed [^4]: Ramanan M, Attokaran A, Murray L, et al; SCOPE-DKA Collaborators and Queensland Critical Care Research Network (QCCRN). Sodium chloride or Plasmalyte-148 evaluation in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (SCOPE-DKA): a cluster, crossover, randomized, controlled trial. Intensive Care Med. 2021;47(11):1248-1257. PubMed

• cardioselective beta blocker does not worsen COPD

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• endobronchial valve placement BLVR offers nonsurgical option for COPD patients

  • [^1]: COPD Part III LVRS, Bipap, and Transplant

• lung volume reduction surgery LVRS

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• oxygen therapy improves survival in patients with resting hypoxemia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pursed lip breathing for COPD

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• selection criteria for lung transplantation in COPD patients

  • [^1]: COPD Part III LVRS, Bipap, and Transplant

• start roflumilast for chronic bronchitis patient

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use lower respiratory rate and high tidal volume for COPD patients on ventilator

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use standard trigger and high cycle sensitivity for COPD patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• AIP acute interstitial pneumonia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mukhopadhyay S, Parambil JG. Acute interstitial pneumonia (AIP): relationship to Hamman-Rich syndrome, diffuse alveolar damage (DAD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;33(5):476-485. PubMed [^4]: Travis WD, Costabel U, Hansell DM, et al; ATS/ERS Committee on Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: update of the international multidisciplinary classification of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;188(6):733-748. PubMed

• ILD associated with MDA-5 dermatomyositis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mycophenolate as primary treatment for sjogren associated ILD

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• nintedanib can be used to treat fibrotic HP and CTD ILD

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• air bronchogram on ultrasound differentiates between atelectasis vs pneumonia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lichtenstein D, Mezière G, Seitz J. The dynamic air bronchogram. A lung ultrasound sign of alveolar consolidation ruling out atelectasis. Chest. 2009;135(6):1421-1425. PubMed [^4]: Shah A, Oliva C, Stem C, et al. Application of dynamic air bronchograms on lung ultrasound to diagnose pneumonia in undifferentiated respiratory distress. Respir Med Case Rep. 2022;39:101706. PubMed

• curtain sign on ultrasound can look similar to lung point

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lichtenstein DA. Lung ultrasound in the critically ill. Ann Intensive Care. 2014;4(1):1. PubMed

• lung pulse on ultrasound suggest lack of ventilation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Husain LF, Hagopian L, Wayman D, et al. Sonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax. J Emerg Trauma Shock. 2012;5(1):76-81. PubMed [^4]: Lichtenstein DA, Lascols N, Prin S, et al. The “lung pulse”: an early ultrasound sign of complete atelectasis. Intensive Care Med. 2003;29(12):2187-2192. PubMed

• plankton sign suggests exudative or hemorrhagic effusion

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• accelerated idioventricular rhythm AIVR after STEMI

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Granrud GA, Vatterott PJ. Arrhythmias and acute myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med. 1991;90(6):85-88, 93-96. PubMed

• acute mitral regurgitation MR following STEMI

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Otto CM, Nishimura RA, Bonow RO, et al. 2020 ACC/AHA guideline for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;143(5):e72-e227. PubMed

• dilated coronary sinus on US can be result of persistent left superior vena cava

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• fix functional MR in heart failure patients with reduced EF

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Namazi F, van der Bijl P, Fortuni F, et al. Regurgitant volume/left ventricular end-diastolic volume ratio: prognostic value in patients with secondary mitral regurgitation. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2021;14(4):730-739. PubMed [^4]: Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al; MITRA-FR Investigators. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2297-2306. PubMed [^5]: Stone GW, Abraham WT, Lindenfeld J, et al; COAPT Investigators. Five-year follow-up after transcatheter repair of secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(22):2037-2048. PubMed [^6]: Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, et al; COAPT Investigators. Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(24):2307-2318. PubMed

• infiltrative cardiomyopathy ultrasound findings

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• post CABG hypotension cardiac causes

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Spodick DH. Pathophysiology of cardiac tamponade. Chest. 1998;113(5):1372-1378. PubMed [^4]: Wallen M, Morrison A, Gillies D, et al. Mediastinal chest drain clearance for cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(4):CD003042. PubMed

• pulmonary embolism readministration of TPA

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use alpha pressors for takotsubo cardiomyopathy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use cardiac MRI to diagnose myocarditis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Basso C. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(16):1488-1500. PubMed [^4]: Ferreira VM, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in nonischemic myocardial inflammation: expert recommendations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(24):3158-3176. PubMed [^5]: Witberg G, Barda N, Hoss S, et al. Myocarditis after Covid-19 vaccination in a large health care organization. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(23):2132-2139. PubMed [^6]: Lasica R, Djukanovic L, Savic L, et al. Update on myocarditis: from etiology and clinical picture to modern diagnostics and methods of treatment. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(19):3073. PubMed

• ventricular arrythmias following STEMI

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• VTE in pregnancy treatment

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• avoid beta lactam antibiotics for enterobacter because of ampC

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Maillard A, Delory T, Bernier J, et al; Treatment of AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales Study Group. Effectiveness of third-generation cephalosporins or piperacillin compared with cefepime or carbapenems for severe infections caused by wild-type AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales: a multi-centre retrospective propensity-weighted study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2023;62(1):106809. PubMed [^4]: Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2023 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. Published online July 18, 2023. PubMed [^5]: Tamma PD, Doi Y, Bonomo RA, Johnson JK, Simner PJ; Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. A primer on AmpC β-lactamases: necessary knowledge for an increasingly multidrug-resistant world. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69(8):1446-1455. PubMed [^6]: Tamma PD, Girdwood SC, Gopaul R, et al. The use of cefepime for treating AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(6):781-788. PubMed

• babesiosis babesia microti

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• blastomycosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• capnocytophagas canimorsus

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Elghetany MT, Walker DH. Hemostatic changes in Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Mediterranean spotted fever. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999;112(2):159-168. PubMed [^4]: Horseman MA, Surani S. A comprehensive review of Vibrio vulnificus: an important cause of severe sepsis and skin and soft-tissue infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2011;15(3):e157-e166. PubMed [^5]: Mader N, Lührs F, Langenbeck M, et al. Capnocytophaga canimorsus - a potent pathogen in immunocompetent humans - systematic review and retrospective observational study of case reports. Infect Dis (Lond). 2020;52(2):65-74. PubMed [^6]: Vaiman M, Lazarovitch T, Heller L, et al. Ecthyma gangrenosum and ecthyma-like lesions: review article. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;34(4):633-639. PubMed

• chlamydia parrot disease

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• combination therapy for pseudomonas in ICU covers multiple resistance mechanisms

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Executive summary: management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(5):575-582. PubMed [^4]: O’Neal H, Thomas C, Karam G. Principles governing antimicrobial use in the intensive care unit. In: Parillo J, Dellinger R, eds. Critical Care Medicine: Principles of Diagnosis and Management in the Adult. New York, NY: Elsevier; 2019:788-806. [^5]: Paul M, Benuri-Silbiger I, Soares-Weiser K, et al. Beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2004;328(7441):668. PubMed

• common fungal infection histology

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• do not use zanamivir for treatment of COPD due to influenza

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• Fungal Infections

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• fungitell aka beta d glucan testing

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• fusarium infections in neutropenic patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bodey GP, Boktour M, Mays S, et al. Skin lesions associated with Fusarium infection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;47(5):659-666. PubMed [^4]: Kosmidis C, Denning DW. The clinical spectrum of pulmonary aspergillosis. Thorax. 2015;70(3):270-277. PubMed [^5]: Lerolle N, Raffoux E, Socie G, et al. Breakthrough invasive fungal disease in patients receiving posaconazole primary prophylaxis: a 4-year study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20(11):O952-O959. PubMed [^6]: Mendoza L, Vilela R, Voelz K, et al. Human fungal pathogens of Mucorales and Entomophthorales. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2014;5(4):a019562. PubMed [^7]: Muhammed M, Anagnostou T, Desalermos A, et al. Fusarium infection: report of 26 cases and review of 97 cases from the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2013;92(6):305-316. PubMed [^8]: Ramirez-Garcia A, Pellon A, Rementeria A, et al. Scedosporium and Lomentospora: an updated overview of underrated opportunists. Med Mycol. 2018;56(suppl 1):102-125. PubMed

• hyperviscous klebsiella pneumoniae

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Russo TA, Marr CM. Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2019;32(3):e00001-19. PubMed [^4]: Shon AS, Bajwa RP, Russo TA. Hypervirulent (hypermucoviscous) Klebsiella pneumoniae: a new and dangerous breed. Virulence. 2013;4(2):107-118. PubMed

• Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction from borreliosis treatment

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dhakal A, Sbar E. Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. PubMed [^4]: Snowden J, Yarrarapu SNS, Oliver TI. Relapsing fever. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024. PubMed

• Malaria causes cyclic fevers

  • [^2]: SEEK Questionnaires

• MDR pseudomonas treatment includes cefiderocol

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Kramer J, Özkaya Ö, Kümmerli R. Bacterial siderophores in community and host interactions. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2020;18(3):152-163. PubMed [^4]: Zhanel GG, Golden AR, Zelenitsky S, et al. Cefiderocol: a siderophore cephalosporin with activity against carbapenem-resistant and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Drugs. 2019;79(3):271-289. PubMed

• monkeypox aka mpox has rash and

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• MRSA nare test has high NPV

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mucormycosis can cause pseudoaneurysm

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mucormycosis pulmonary and treatment

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• neisseria meningoccocemia can cause purpura fulminans

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lyu QQ, Zheng RQ, Chen QH, et al. Early administration of hydrocortisone, vitamin C, and thiamine in adult patients with septic shock: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Crit Care. 2022;26(1):295. PubMed [^4]: Moskowitz A, Berg KM, Grossestreuer AV, et al. Thiamine for Renal Protection in Septic Shock (TRPSS): a randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2023;208(5):570-578. PubMed [^5]: Sevransky JE, Rothman RE, Hager DN, et al; VICTAS Investigators. Effect of vitamin C, thiamine, and hydrocortisone on ventilatorand vasopressor-free days in patients with sepsis: the VICTAS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021;325(8):742-750. PubMed [^6]: Takada S, Fujiwara S, Inoue T, et al. Meningococcemia in adults: a review of the literature. Intern Med. 2016;55(6):567-572. PubMed [^7]: Woolum JA, Abner EL, Kelly A, et al. Effect of thiamine administration on lactate clearance and mortality in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2018;46(11):1747-1752. PubMed

• persistent enterococcus bateremia and prosthetics

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Osmon DR, Berbari EF, Berendt AR, et al; Infectious Diseases Society of America. Diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infection: clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(1):e1-e25. PubMed [^4]: Pulido-Perez A, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Bergon-Sendin M, et al. Prevalence and clinical features of secondary skin lesions in septic patients with bloodstream infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2022;41(5):779-786. PubMed [^5]: Rogers R, Rice LB. State-of-the-art review: persistent enterococcal bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;78(1):e1-e11. PubMed [^6]: Tande AJ, Patel R. Prosthetic joint infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(2):302-345. PubMed

• pseudomonas risk factors

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treat pseudomonas HAP with 14 days antibiotics

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Chastre J, Wolff M, Fagon JY, et al; PneumA Trial Group. Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;290(19):2588-2598. PubMed [^4]: Kollef MH, Chastre J, Clavel M, et al. A randomized trial of 7-day doripenem versus 10-day imipenem-cilastatin for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care. 2012;16(6):R218. PubMed [^5]: Langsjoen J, Brady C, Obenauf E, et al. Nasal screening is useful in excluding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Infect Control. 2014;42(9):1014-1015. PubMed [^6]: Melling PA, Noto MJ, Rice TW, et al. Time to first culture positivity among critically ill adults with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth in respiratory or blood cultures. Ann Pharmacother. 2020;54(2):131-137. PubMed [^7]: Qian ET, Casey JD, Wright A, et al; Vanderbilt Center for Learning Healthcare and the Pragmatic Critical Care Research Group. Cefepime vs piperacillin-tazobactam in adults hospitalized with acute infection: the ACORN randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;330(16):1557-1567. PubMed

• use cefiderocol for high resistant pseudomonas

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use MRI instead of CT to scan for epidural abscess

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use standard dose enteric oseltamivir without adjusting for weight

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Muthuri SG, Venkatesan S, Myles PR, et al; PRIDE Consortium Investigators. Effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors in reducing mortality in patients admitted to hospital with influenza A H1N1pdm09 virus infection: a meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(5):395-404. PubMed [^4]: Pai MP, Lodise TP Jr. Oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate pharmacokinetics in obese adults: dose modification for weight is not necessary. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(12):5640-5645. PubMed [^5]: Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(6):e1-e47. PubMed

• uterine wall infection as result of self induced abortion

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fouks Y, Samueloff O, Levin I, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of empiric antimicrobial regimens in cases of septic/infected abortions. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38(6):1123-1128. PubMed [^4]: Harris LH, Grossman D. Complications of unsafe and self-managed abortion. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(11):1029-1040. PubMed [^5]: Pritchard JA, Whalley PJ. Abortion complicated by Clostridium perfringens infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1971;111(4):484-492. PubMed

• varicella zoster post exposure isolation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lachiewicz AM, Srinivas ML. Varicella-zoster virus post-exposure management and prophylaxis: a review. Prev Med Rep. 2019;16:101016. PubMed [^4]: Newman AM, Jhaveri R. Myths and misconceptions: varicella-zoster virus exposure, infection risks, complications, and treatments. Clin Ther. 2019;41(9):1816-1822. PubMed

• west nile virus

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fagre AC, Lyons S, Staples JE, et al. West Nile virus and other nationally notifiable arboviral diseases - United States, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(34):901-906. PubMed [^4]: Perfect JR, Dismukes WE, Dromer F, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of cryptococcal disease: 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of america. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50(3):291-322. PubMed [^5]: Petersen LR, Fischer M. Unpredictable and difficult to control—the adolescence of West Nile virus. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(14):1281-1284. PubMed [^6]: Petersen LR. Epidemiology of West Nile virus in the United States: implications for arbovirology and public health. J Med Entomol. 2019;56(6):1456-1462. PubMed

• diagnosis of HP is in imaging and BAL with high lymphocyte count

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• HP hypersensitivity pneumonitis is divided into fibrotic and nonfibrotic types

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• CABG patients have high false positive for HIT

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• hamartomas are slow growing tumors with fat and cartilage

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• IMT inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary carcinoid tumors are slow growing neuroendocrine tumor

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• example calculation winters formula agma

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pyroglutamic acidosis aka tylenol toxicity

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liss DB, Paden MS, Schwarz ES, et al. What is the clinical significance of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) in high anion gap metabolic acidosis following paracetamol (acetaminophen) exposure? Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2013;51(9):817-827. PubMed

• isolated gastric varices bleeding without cirrhosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Heider TR, Azeem S, Galanko JA, et al. The natural history of pancreatitis-induced splenic vein thrombosis. Ann Surg. 2004;239(6):876-880; discussion 880-882. PubMed [^4]: Sakorafas GH, Sarr MG, Farley DR, et al. The significance of sinistral portal hypertension complicating chronic pancreatitis. Am J Surg. 2000;179(2):129-133. PubMed

• Ogilvie syndrome aka colonic pseudoobstruction

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liu JJ, Venkatesh V, Gao J, et al. Efficacy and safety of neostigmine and decompressive colonoscopy for acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: a single-center analysis. Gastroenterology Res. 2021;14(3):157-164. PubMed [^4]: Naveed M, Jamil LH, Fujii-Lau LL, et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on the role of endoscopy in the management of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction and colonic volvulus. Gastrointest Endosc. 2020;91(2):228-235. PubMed [^5]: Ross SW, Oommen B, Wormer BA, et al. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction: defining the epidemiology, treatment, and adverse outcomes of Ogilvie’s syndrome. Am Surg. 2016;82(2):102-111. PubMed [^6]: Vogel JD, Feingold DL, Stewart DB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for colon volvulus and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction. Dis Colon Rectum. 2016;59(7):589-600. PubMed

• pseudomonas bacteremia in liver transplant patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Liu T, Zhang Y, Wan Q. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia among liver transplant recipients. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:2345-2356. PubMed [^4]: Parkins MD, Gregson DB, Pitout JD, et al. Population-based study of the epidemiology and the risk factors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection. Infection. 2010;38(1):25-32. PubMed [^5]: Rodrigues FG, Dasilva G, Wexner SD. Neutropenic enterocolitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23(1):42-47. PubMed

• small bowel mesenteric ischemia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Carver TW, Vora RS, Taneja A. Mesenteric ischemia. Crit Care Clin. 2016;32(2):155-171. PubMed [^4]: Cudnik MT, Darbha S, Jones J, et al. The diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2013;20(11):1087-1100. PubMed [^5]: Schoots IG, Koffeman GI, Legemate DA, et al. Systematic review of survival after acute mesenteric ischaemia according to disease aetiology. Br J Surg. 2004;91(1):17-27. PubMed [^6]: White CJ. Chronic mesenteric ischemia: diagnosis and management. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2011;54(1):36-40. PubMed

• use plamasphresis for triglyceride induced pancreatitis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gubensek J. The role of apheresis and insulin therapy in hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis-a concise review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2023;23(1):341. PubMed [^4]: Newman CB, Blaha MJ, Boord JB, et al. Lipid management in patients with endocrine disorders: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(12):dgaa674. PubMed

• APAP results in lower mean airway pressure compared to CPAP

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• ASV adaptive support ventilation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• CPAP with expiratory pressure relief

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• CSA supplemental O2

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• eszopiclone is used to help improve adherence to CPAP

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• high altitude can worsen CSA

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• initiating daytime ventilation for neuromuscular disease patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• initiating nighttime NIV for chronic hypercapnia in OHS

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• opioid impact on sleep disordered breathing

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• PAP therapy does not improve survival in HFrEF patients with CSA

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• REM sleep and pulmonary disorders

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use in lab sleep testing instead of home for complicated sleep apnea

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• acceptability, usability, repeatability of spirometry qualities

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• difference between asthma, copd, emphysema on PFT

  • [^1]: An Algorithmic Approach to Chronic Dyspnea [^3]: Gelb AF, Yamamoto A, Verbeken EK, et al. Unraveling the pathophysiology of the asthma-COPD overlap syndrome: unsuspected mild centrilobular emphysema is responsible for loss of lung elastic recoil in never smokers with asthma with persistent expiratory airflow limitation. Chest. 2015;148(2):313-320.

• DLCO can be affected by valsalva maneuver

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• DLCO VA abnormality

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• fixed ratio vs LLN for spirometry

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• GLI equation how did it come about

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• PFT spirometry, DLCO, lung volume orders

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary function test changes in pregnancy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• step up pattern in restrictive lung disease is result of respiratory muscle weakness

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• azithromycin, erm41, and mycobacterium abscessus

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• LIP histology findings

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP etiologies are typically autoimmune

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treatment for lymphoid interstitial pneumonia LIP usually includes immunosuppression

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• cocaine overdose leads to catecholamine excess

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pesticide exposure leads to cholinergic poisoning

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Henretig FM, Kirk MA, McKay CA Jr. Hazardous chemical emergencies and poisonings. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(17):1638-1655. PubMed

• phenobarbital for alcohol withdrawal

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Polintan ETT, Danganan LML, Cruz NS, et al. Adjunctive dexmedetomidine in alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of retrospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Ann Pharmacother. 2023;57(6):696-705. PubMed [^4]: Sullivan JT, Sykora K, Schneiderman J, et al. Assessment of alcohol withdrawal: the revised clinical institute withdrawal assessment for alcohol scale (CIWA-Ar). Br J Addict. 1989;84(11):1353-1357. PubMed [^5]: The ASAM clinical practice guideline on alcohol withdrawal management. J Addict Med. 2020;14(3S suppl 1):1-72. PubMed [^6]: Umar Z, Haseeb Ul Rasool M, Muhammad S, et al. Phenobarbital and alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cureus. 2023;15(1):e33695. PubMed

• treat cocaine overdose with benzodiazepines, ccb, and nitroglycerin

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• hypoxia differentiates between LAST and methemoglobinemia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Iolascon A, Andolfo I, Russo R, et al. Summary of joint European Hematology Association (EHA) and EuroBloodNet recommendations on diagnosis and treatment of methemoglobinemia. Hemasphere. 2021;5(12):e660. PubMed [^4]: Iolascon A, Bianchi P, Andolfo I, et al; SWG of red cell and iron of EHA and EuroBloodNet. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of methemoglobinemia. Am J Hematol. 2021;96(12):1666-1678. PubMed [^5]: Hendry-Hofer TB, Ng PC, Witeof AE, et al. A review on ingested cyanide: risks, clinical presentation, diagnostics, and treatment challenges. J Med Toxicol. 2019;15(2):128-133. PubMed

• use ascorbic acid to treat methemoglobinemia in G6PD deficient patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Jung S, Sayad K, Staitieh BS. Low hemoglobin saturation in the setting of hyperuricemia. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019;16(11):1447-1450. PubMed [^4]: Marinacci LX, Simeone FJ, Lundquist AL, Kuter DJ, Mahowald GK. Case 38-2020: a 52-year-old man with cancer and acute hypoxemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(24):2372-2383. PubMed

• acute mercury toxicity

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• aerospace industry is associated with berylliosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• hydrogen sulfide is deadly sewer gas

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• metal fume fever

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• discontinue DVT ppx prior to lumbar puncture

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• look for rebleed potential in SAH patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Carpenter CR, Hussain AM, Ward MJ, et al. Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis describing the diagnostic accuracy of history, physical examination, imaging, and lumbar puncture with an exploration of test thresholds. Acad Emerg Med. 2016;23(9):963-1003. PubMed [^4]: Cerejo R, John S, Grabowski M, et al. Thoracolumbar arteriovenous malformations presenting with intracranial subarachnoid hemorrhage: case series and review of literature. World Neurosurg. 2016;88:182-187. PubMed [^5]: van Beijnum J, Straver DC, Rinkel GJ, et al. Spinal arteriovenous shunts presenting as intracranial subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol. 2007;254(8):1044-1051. PubMed

• organ donation after circulatory death

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Iltis AS, Cherry MJ. Death revisited: rethinking death and the dead donor rule. J Med Philos. 2010;35(3):223-241. PubMed [^4]: Wind J, Snoeijs MG, Brugman CA, et al. Prediction of time of death after withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in potential donors after cardiac death*. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(3):766-769. PubMed

• status epilepticus first line management

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Guterman EL, Sanford JK, Betjemann JP, et al. Prehospital midazolam use and outcomes among patients with out-of-hospital status epilepticus. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3203-e3212. PubMed [^4]: Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, et al; NETT and PECARN Investigators. Randomized trial of three anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(22):2103-2113. PubMed [^5]: Treiman DM, Meyers PD, Walton NY, et al. A comparison of four treatments for generalized convulsive status epilepticus. Veterans Affairs Status Epilepticus Cooperative Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(12):792-798. PubMed

• subdural hematoma management

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treat hemorrhagic stroke conversion with cryoprecipitate

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Matosevic B, Knoflach M, Werner P, et al. Fibrinogen degradation coagulopathy and bleeding complications after stroke thrombolysis. Neurology. 2013;80(13):1216-1224. PubMed [^4]: Yaghi S, Willey JZ, Cucchiara B, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Treatment and outcome of hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous alteplase in acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48(12):e343-e361. PubMed

• adding inspiratory hold to improve double triggering

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• calculating driving pressure in pressure support mode

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• delayed cycling caused by low trigger and high inspiratory time

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Asynchrony Consequences and Management

• static and dynamic compliance

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mauri T, Lazzeri M, Bellani G, et al. Respiratory mechanics to understand ARDS and guide mechanical ventilation. Physiol Meas. 2017;38(12):R280-R303. PubMed [^4]: Shapiro MB, Bartlett RH. Pulmonary compliance and mechanical ventilation. Arch Surg. 1992;127(4):485-486. PubMed [^5]: Walter JM, Corbridge TC, Singer BD. Invasive mechanical ventilation. South Med J. 2018;111(12):746-753. PubMed

• hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Joosen DA, van de Laar RJ, Koopmans RP, et al. Acute dyspnea caused by hypocalcemia-related laryngospasm. J Emerg Med. 2015;48(1):29-30. PubMed [^4]: Khan MI, Waguespack SG, Hu MI. Medical management of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Endocr Pract. 2011;17(suppl 1):18-25. PubMed

• red meat allergy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use trophic feeds in intubated ARDS patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Reignier J, Boisramé-Helms J, Brisard L, et al; NUTRIREA-2 Trial Investigators; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) group. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2). Lancet. 2018;391(10116):133-143. PubMed [^4]: Reignier J, Mercier E, Le Gouge A, et al; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) Group. Effect of not monitoring residual gastric volume on risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults receiving mechanical ventilation and early enteral feeding: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013;309(3):249-256. PubMed [^5]: TARGET Investigators, for the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group; Chapman M, Peake SL, Bellomo R, et al. Energy-dense versus routine enteral nutrition in the critically ill. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(19):1823-1834. PubMed

• HLH associated with malignancy

  • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024 Heme Onc Emergencies [^3]: Debaugnies F, Mahadeb B, Ferster A, et al. Performances of the H-score for diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adult and pediatric patients. Am J Clin Pathol. 2016;145(6):862-870. PubMed [^4]: Fardet L, Galicier L, Lambotte O, et al. Development and validation of the HScore, a score for the diagnosis of reactive hemophagocytic syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(9):2613-2620. PubMed [^5]: Hayden A, Park S, Giustini D, et al. Hemophagocytic syndromes (HPSs) including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in adults: a systematic scoping review. Blood Rev. 2016;30(6):411-420. PubMed [^6]: Henter JI, Horne A, Aricó M, et al. HLH-2004: diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;48(2):124-131. PubMed [^7]: Lehmberg K, Ehl S. Diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Br J Haematol. 2013;160(3):275-287. PubMed [^8]: Machowicz R, Janka G, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W. Similar but not the same: differential diagnosis of HLH and sepsis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;114:1-12. PubMed

• pulmonary artery catheter dos and donts

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Bootsma IT, Boerma EC, de Lange F, et al. The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 1: placement and waveform analysis. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36(1):5-15. PubMed [^4]: Bootsma IT, Boerma EC, Scheeren TWL, et al. The contemporary pulmonary artery catheter. Part 2: measurements, limitations, and clinical applications. J Clin Monit Comput. 2022;36(1):17-31. PubMed [^5]: Lee M, Curley GF, Mustard M, et al. The Swan-Ganz catheter remains a critically important component of monitoring in cardiovascular critical care. Can J Cardiol. 2017;33(1):142-147. PubMed [^6]: Magder S. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring. Crit Care Clin. 2015;31(1):67-87. PubMed

• pulmonary artery catheter evidence and data

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Garan AR, Kanwar M, Thayer KL, et al. Complete hemodynamic profiling with pulmonary artery catheters in cardiogenic shock is associated with lower in-hospital mortality. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(11):903-913. PubMed [^4]: Kanwar MK, Blumer V, Zhang Y, et al. Pulmonary artery catheter use and risk of in-hospital death in heart failure cardiogenic shock. J Card Fail. 2023;29(9):1234-1244. PubMed [^5]: Lee J, Lee JB, Kim AR, et al. Effectiveness of pulmonary artery catheter monitoring for patients with cardiogenic shock of various causes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thorac Dis. 2023;15(3):1115-1123. PubMed [^6]: Low CJW, Ling RR, Lau MPXL, et al. Mechanical circulatory support for cardiogenic shock: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and propensity score-matched studies. Intensive Care Med. 2024;50(2):209-221. PubMed [^7]: Ranka S, Mastoris I, Kapur NK, et al. Right heart catheterization in cardiogenic shock is associated with improved outcomes: insights from the Nationwide Readmissions Database. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(17):e019843. PubMed

• beta agonist usage can lead to lactic acidosis in asthma

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Haffner CA, Kendall MJ. Metabolic effects of beta 2-agonists. J Clin Pharm Ther. 1992;17(3):155-164. PubMed [^4]: Nowadly CD, Liao SY, Rose JS. Effects of continuous albuterol inhalation on serum metabolome in healthy subjects: more than just lactic acid. J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;61(5):649-655. PubMed

• metformin associated lactic acidosis MALA

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Di Magno L, Di Pastena F, Bordone R, Coni S, Canettieri G. The mechanism of action of biguanides: new answers to a complex question. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14(13):3220. PubMed [^4]: van Berlo-van de Laar IRF, Gedik A, van ‘t Riet E, de Meijer A, Taxis K, Jansman FGA. Identifying patients with metformin associated lactic acidosis in the emergency department. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42(5):1286-1292. PubMed [^5]: Calello DP, Liu KD, Wiegand TJ, et al; Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning Workgroup. Extracorporeal treatment for metformin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning Workgroup. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(8):1716-1730. PubMed [^6]: Fenves AZ, Kirkpatrick HM 3rd, Patel VV, et al. Increased anion gap metabolic acidosis as a result of 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid): a role for acetaminophen. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1(3):441-447. PubMed

• short bowel syndrome can cause D lactic acidosis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• benign vs malignant tracheobronchial tumors

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• fat containing mediastinal masses

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• immunohistochemical lung cancers

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• mediastinal liposarcoma is hetergenous mass with adipose tissues

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• middle mediastinum mass

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• NSCLC overview chemo treatment

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pediatric pulmonary tumors

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• PFT example of lung cancer causing fixed airway obstruction

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pleural lipoma are benign nodules

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma is a type of salivary gland tumor

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• purely ground glass lung nodule

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• risk of lung resection

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• schwannoma with pleural mass

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• second primary vs separate tumor nodule

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• segmentectomy vs lobectomy in stage 1a1 lung cancer

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• solitary fibrous tumor of pleura SFTP is benign mobile pleural tumor

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• stage 3a NSCLC with resection, chemo, and if able check point inhibitor

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• surveillance CT scan after resection of NSCLC

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treatment of stage 4 NSCLC with solitary mets can be curative intent

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• most common complication of HRS treatment includes respiratory failure

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• thymoma can have drop metastases to pleura

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• thymoma paraneoplastic syndrome includes myasthenia gravis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• avacopan is a c5a receptor inhibitor used to treat ANCA vasculitis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• latex allergy can happen with foley catheter

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Pitlick MM, Volcheck GW. Perioperative anaphylaxis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2022;42(1):145-159. PubMed [^4]: Shaker MS, Wallace DV, Golden DBK, et al. Anaphylaxis—a 2020 practice parameter update, systematic review, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(4):1082-1123. PubMed [^5]: Sicherer SH, Simons FER; Section on Allergy and Immunology. Epinephrine for first-aid management of anaphylaxis. Pediatrics. 2017;139(3):e20164006. PubMed [^6]: Wolf BL. Anaphylactic reaction to latex gloves. N Engl J Med. 1993;329(4):279-280. PubMed

• use icatibant for hereditary angioedema

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• buprenorphine needs dose adjustment in liver dysfunction but not in renal dysfunction

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Erstad BL, Glenn MJ. Management of critically ill patients receiving medications for opioid use disorder. Chest. 2024;165(2):356-367. PubMed [^4]: Smith K, Wang M, Abdukalikov R, et al. Pain management considerations in patients with opioid use disorder requiring critical care. J Clin Pharmacol. 2022;62(4):449-462. PubMed [^5]: The ASAM national practice guideline for the treatment of opioid use disorder: 2020 focused update. J Addict Med. 2020;14(2S suppl 1):1-91. PubMed

• methadone mechanism and uses

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• disseminated histoplasmosis leads to sepsis, pancytopenia, adrenal insufficiency, and lymphadenopathy

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treat moderate to severe histoplasma with amphotericin B and itraconazole

  • 

• moderator band in RV on ultrasound

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• sarcoidosis and transplant

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• acute liver failure when to refer to transplant

  • [^1]: CHEST Board Review Critical Care? [^3]: China L, Freemantle N, Forrest E, et al; ATTIRE Trial Investigators. A randomized trial of albumin infusions in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(9):808-817. PubMed [^4]: García Martínez JJ, Bendjelid K. Artificial liver support systems: what is new over the last decade? Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):109. PubMed [^5]: Hu W, Chen H, Ma C, et al. Identification of indications for albumin administration in septic patients with liver cirrhosis. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):300. PubMed [^6]: Shingina A, Mukhtar N, Wakim-Fleming J, et al. Acute liver failure guidelines. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023;118(7):1128-1153. PubMed [^7]: Vasques F, Cavazza A, Bernal W. Acute liver failure. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2022;28(2):198-207. PubMed

• right heat cath RHC can be used for vasoreactivity testing during pulmonary hypertension workup

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• sickle cell disease and pulmonary hypertension

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use endothelin antagonist to treat pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• LAM can have normal PFT until late in disease

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• treat LAM disease with sirolimus

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• primary, secondary, tertiary prevention

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• six sigma and lean

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary langerhans PLCH etiology, patient population

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary langerhans PLCH has S100 and CD1a positive staining

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary langerhans PLCH symptoms, PFT, CT finding

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• pulmonary langerhans PLCH treatment

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• birt hogg dube syndrome

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• light chain deposition disease LCDD

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• think WPW in afib with wide QRS

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Redfearn DP, Krahn AD, Skanes AC, et al. Use of medications in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2005;6(6):955-963. PubMed [^4]: Wolff L, Parkinson J, White PD. Bundle-branch block with short P-R interval in healthy young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia. 1930. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2006;11(4):340-353. PubMed

• early RRT in ICU increases risk of CLABSI

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Gaudry S, Hajage D, Schortgen F, et al; AKIKI Study Group. Initiation strategies for renal-replacement therapy in the intensive care unit. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(2):122-133. PubMed [^4]: Kellum JA, Romagnani P, Ashuntantang G, et al. Acute kidney injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):52. PubMed [^5]: STARRT-AKI Investigators; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group; et al. Timing of initiation of renal-replacement therapy in acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(3):240-251. PubMed

• APRV autopeep problem

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lalgudi Ganesan S, Jayashree M, Chandra Singhi S, Bansal A. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1199-1207. PubMed [^4]: Neumann P, Golisch W, Strohmeyer A, Buscher H, Burchardi H, Sydow M. Influence of different release times on spontaneous breathing pattern during airway pressure release ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(12):1742-1749. PubMed [^5]: Othman F, Alsagami N, Alharbi R, Almuammer Y, Alshahrani S, Ismaeil T. The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med. 2021;16(3):245-252. PubMed [^6]: Rose L, Hawkins M. Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure: a systematic review of definitional criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(10):1766-1773. PubMed [^7]: Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y, et al. Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(11):1648-1659. PubMed

• APRV has less sedation and paralysis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• APRV outcomes

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lalgudi Ganesan S, Jayashree M, Chandra Singhi S, Bansal A. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1199-1207. PubMed [^4]: Neumann P, Golisch W, Strohmeyer A, Buscher H, Burchardi H, Sydow M. Influence of different release times on spontaneous breathing pattern during airway pressure release ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(12):1742-1749. PubMed [^5]: Othman F, Alsagami N, Alharbi R, Almuammer Y, Alshahrani S, Ismaeil T. The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med. 2021;16(3):245-252. PubMed [^6]: Rose L, Hawkins M. Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure: a systematic review of definitional criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(10):1766-1773. PubMed [^7]: Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y, et al. Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(11):1648-1659. PubMed

• APRV settings

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Lalgudi Ganesan S, Jayashree M, Chandra Singhi S, Bansal A. Airway pressure release ventilation in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198(9):1199-1207. PubMed [^4]: Neumann P, Golisch W, Strohmeyer A, Buscher H, Burchardi H, Sydow M. Influence of different release times on spontaneous breathing pattern during airway pressure release ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28(12):1742-1749. PubMed [^5]: Othman F, Alsagami N, Alharbi R, Almuammer Y, Alshahrani S, Ismaeil T. The efficacy of airway pressure release ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome adult patients: a meta-analysis of clinical trials. Ann Thorac Med. 2021;16(3):245-252. PubMed [^6]: Rose L, Hawkins M. Airway pressure release ventilation and biphasic positive airway pressure: a systematic review of definitional criteria. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(10):1766-1773. PubMed [^7]: Zhou Y, Jin X, Lv Y, et al. Early application of airway pressure release ventilation may reduce the duration of mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(11):1648-1659. PubMed>)

• change ECMO circuit flow rate to help with hemolysis or clotting

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed [^4]: Williams DC, Turi JL, Hornik CP, et al. Circuit oxygenator contributes to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-induced hemolysis. ASAIO J. 2015;61(2):190-195. PubMed

• chattering in ecmo circuit from vessel collapse

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Staudacher DL, Bode C, Wengenmayer T. Fluid therapy remains an important cornerstone in the prevention of progressive chugging in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Heart Lung. 2018;47(4):432. PubMed [^4]:Walter JM, Kurihara C, Corbridge TC, et al. Chugging in patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an under-recognized driver of intravenous fluid administration in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome? Heart Lung. 2018;47(4):398-400. PubMed

• ECMO has no effect on survival benefit in shock patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Thiele H, Zeymer U, Akin I, et al; ECLS-SHOCK Investigators. Extracorporeal life support in infarct-related cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(14):1286-1297. PubMed

• ECMO recirculation happens when there is less than 10 cm distance

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed [^4]: Zakhary B, Vercaemst L, Mason P, et al. How I approach membrane lung dysfunction in patients receiving ECMO. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):671. PubMed [^5]: Abrams D, Bacchetta M, Brodie D. Recirculation in venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. ASAIO J. 2015;61(2):115-121. PubMed

• increased delta P is sign of increased clotting on ECMO

  • [^3]: SEEK Questionnaires [^5]: Patel B, Arcaro M, Chatterjee S. Bedside troubleshooting during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J Thorac Dis. 2019;11(suppl 14):S1698-S1707. PubMed [^6]: Zakhary B, Vercaemst L, Mason P, et al. How I approach membrane lung dysfunction in patients receiving ECMO. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):671. PubMed

• LV overdistension in ECMO

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Rihal CS, Naidu SS, Givertz MM, et al. 2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS clinical expert consensus statement on the use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiovascular care: endorsed by the American Heart Assocation, the Cardiological Society of India, and Sociedad Latino Americana de Cardiologia Intervencion; Affirmation of Value by the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology-Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d’intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65(19):e7-e26. PubMed

• use low TV and FiO2 on ventilator for ECMO patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• use morphine instead of fentanyl for ECMO sedation

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Dzierba AL, Abrams D, Brodie D. Medicating patients during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: the evidence is building. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):66. PubMed [^4]: Lemaitre F, Hasni N, Leprince P, et al. Propofol, midazolam, vancomycin and cyclosporine therapeutic drug monitoring in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits primed with whole human blood. Crit Care. 2015;19(1):40. PubMed [^5]: Shekar K, Roberts JA, Mcdonald CI, et al. Sequestration of drugs in the circuit may lead to therapeutic failure during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care. 2012;16(5):R194. PubMed [^6]: Wagner D, Pasko D, Phillips K, Waldvogel J, Annich G. In vitro clearance of dexmedetomidine in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perfusion. 2013;28(1):40-46. PubMed

• APML and differentiation syndrome aka retinoic acid syndrome

  • [^1]: CHEST fellow course 2024 Heme Onc Emergencies

• CAR-T and ICANS immune effector cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Karschnia P, Jordan JT, Forst DA, et al. Clinical presentation, management, and biomarkers of neurotoxicity after adoptive immunotherapy with CAR T cells. Blood. 2019;133(20):2212-2221. PubMed [^4]: Lee DW, Santomasso BD, Locke FL, et al. ASTCT consensus grading for cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicity associated with immune effector cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019;25(4):625-638. PubMed [^5]: Rubin DB, Al Jarrah A, Li K, et al. Clinical predictors of neurotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(12):1536-1542. PubMed [^6]: Rubin DB, Danish HH, Ali AB, et al. Neurological toxicities associated with chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Brain. 2019;142(5):1334-1348. PubMed

• prevention of recurrent VTE in cancer patients

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• very high WBC can cause false hypoxemia leukocyte larceny

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Fox MJ, Brody JS, Weintraub LR. Leukocyte larceny: a cause of spurious hypoxemia. Am J Med. 1979;67(5):742-746. PubMed [^4]: Van de Louw A, Desai RJ, Schneider CW, et al. Hypoxemia during extreme hyperleukocytosis: how spurious? Respir Care. 2016;61(1):8-14. PubMed

• warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia management

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Brodsky RA. Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):647-654. PubMed [^4]: Ness PM. How do I encourage clinicians to transfuse mismatched blood to patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in urgent situations? Transfusion. 2006;46(11):1859-1862. PubMed [^5]: Petz LD. A physician’s guide to transfusion in autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Br J Haematol. 2004;124(6):712-716. PubMed [^6]: Salama A, Berghöfer H, Mueller-Eckhardt C. Red blood cell transfusion in warm-type autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Lancet. 1992;340(8834-8835):1515-1517. PubMed [^7]: Weiskopf RB, Viele MK, Feiner J, et al. Human cardiovascular and metabolic response to acute, severe isovolemic anemia. JAMA. 1998;279(3):217-221. PubMed

• galactomannan test

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires

• check point inhibitor hypophysitis

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-related adverse events associated with immune checkpoint blockade. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(2):158-168. PubMed [^4]: Rosner MH, Dalkin AC. Electrolyte disorders associated with cancer. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014;21(1):7-17. PubMed [^5]: Snyders T, Chakos D, Swami U, et al. Ipilimumab-induced hypophysitis, a single academic center experience. Pituitary. 2019;22(5):488-496. PubMed

• check point inhibitor myocarditis can present as acute heart failure

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Mahmood SS, Fradley MG, Cohen JV, et al. Myocarditis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(16):1755-1764. PubMed

• hyperkalemia can cause severe bradycardia

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Long B, Warix JR, Koyfman A. Controversies in management of hyperkalemia. J Emerg Med. 2018;55(2):192-205. PubMed

• early trophic enteral feeding in icu is beneficial

  • [^1]: SEEK Questionnaires [^3]: Heyland DK, Patel J, Compher C, et al; EFFORT Protein Trial team. The effect of higher protein dosing in critically ill patients with high nutritional risk (EFFORT Protein): an international, multicentre, pragmatic, registry-based randomised trial. Lancet. 2023;401(10376):568-576. PubMed [^4]: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Clinical Trials Network, Rice TW, Wheeler AP, et al. Initial trophic vs full enteral feeding in patients with acute lung injury: the EDEN randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;307(8):795-803. PubMed [^5]: Reignier J, Boisramé-Helms J, Brisard L, et al; NUTRIREA-2 Trial Investigators; Clinical Research in Intensive Care and Sepsis (CRICS) group. Enteral versus parenteral early nutrition in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group study (NUTRIREA-2). Lancet. 2018;391(10116):133-143. PubMed [^6]: Reignier J, Plantefeve G, Mira JP, et al; NUTRIREA-3 Trial Investigators; Clinical Research in Intensive Care; Sepsis (CRICS-TRIGGERSEP)Group. Low versus standard calorie and protein feeding in ventilated adults with shock: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, parallel-group trial (NUTRIREA-3). Lancet Respir Med. 2023;11(7):602-612. PubMed [^7]: Stoppe C, Patel JJ, Zarbock A, et al. The impact of higher protein dosing on outcomes in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: a post hoc analysis of the EFFORT protein trial. Crit Care. 2023;27(1):399. PubMed